86 
In the main lot, the first pupa? were found July 25. August 1: 
larvae and pupae were seen, but no imagos, and September * 
the cage contained several dead pupae and two adults of rugosa 
four more of which were taken out September 26. 
(9) In a compartment of the breeding trench just describe) 
in which no grubs were put. two pupae and one larva were see 
July 24, (apparently having made their way under the partitio 
from a cage adjoining,) and September 25 two of these wer 
beetles of L. in versa, and one was a pupa of the same species. 
(10) Collections made September 15, 1890, from the sam 
field from which the larvae were taken in April for the abov 
experiments, were all larvae and adults (no pupae occurring 
the latter both ragosa and in versa. 
Generalizing the above breeding-cage experiments, we lear 
that living pupae of five species, Lachnosterna implicit a, inversi 
rugosa, hirticula, and gibbosa, have been found by us in tli 
earth from June 28 to September 17, but no earlier and nc 
later; and that adults of these species have occurred in tl 
same experiments from September 4 (their earliest noted appea 
ance there) to October 9, beyond which date the breeding-cag 
work was not continued. 
The dates at which the adults of Lachnosterna have been ol 
served by us in the earth outside bear out in every case tl 
manifest teaching of breeding-cage results. L. fusca we lia^s 
found as an adult still in its earthen cell Aug. 11, Oct. 2, 8, 1( 
14, 25, Nov. 28, Mar. 24, 28, Apr. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1: 
14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23, and 27, May 1 and June 14^ L. fr, 
terna, June 6; L. gibbosa , Aug. 11, Sept. 26, Oct. 3, 7, 8, 1< 
14, 18, Mav 6 and 8; L. hirticula, Aug. 12, Sept. 5, 26, Oc 
2, 7, Nov. o, Mar. 27, Apr. 5, 8, 9, 29, and May 1 and 4; J 
ilicis, Apr. 12 and May 28; L. inversa, Sept. 5, 15, 17, Oct. : 
7, 8, 28, Nov. 5, 24, 25, Mar. 27, Apr. 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14, 1 
16, 20, 21, 29, and May 8 and June 13; L. rugosa, Sept. 4, ■ 
15, 26, Oct. 2, 28, Mar. 24, Apr. 22, 23, May 16 and June 2i 
L. tristis Mar. 28, Apr. 8, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, 25, May 1 ar 
16, L. arcuata we have taken from the earth only Dec. 4. 
Taking into account now the fact that in all our collectioi 
of these imagos, extending through five years, not a single pu] 
was discovered except in the interval between June 28 and Se 
tember 17, as stated above, we see that all the observatioi 
made by us on the transformations of Lachnosterna go to she 
that the common species of this genus pupate in the latter In 
of the growing season and hibernate as adults in the earth. 
