11 
Insects for Examination. (Prairie Farmer, Sept. IT, 1870, v. 41, p. 290.) 
Brochymena described. Sucks the sap from young twigs of apple, pear, 
peach, and cherry, killing young shoots. 
Complexity of antennse, eyes, and locomotor structures of imago com¬ 
pared with those of larva, showing the necessity of basing the classifica¬ 
tion of insects on the imagos. 
Diamond-back Cabbage Moth [and other Insects]. (Prairie Farmer, Oct. 8, 
1870, v. 41, p. 314.) 
Cerostoma xylostella eating leaves of cabbage, having destroyed two large 
patches. Imported from Europe. Fitch described it from Illinois 
specimens. One lady-bug and two ichneumon parasites observed among 
specimens sent. Lime, ashes, and soap-suds suggested as remedies. 
Mantis Carolina not found in Northern Illinois. 
Unrecognized blackish caterpillar found feeding on wheat in Kansas. 
f Answers to Correspondents.] (Prairie Farmer, Oct. 29, 1870, v. 41, p. 338.) 
Conotrachelus nenuphar and Anthonomus prunicida charged with miscegena¬ 
tion by an Iowa correspondent. Charge doubted, 
Answers to Correspondents. (Prairie Farmer, Nov. 12, 1870, v. 41, p. 354.) 
The white grub lives in the ground until the third spring after eggs are 
laid. No effective way of destroying it is known. Birds take many. 
Salt as a remedy is unfavorably mentioned. 
Numbers of potato beetles were crushed between the thumb and finger by 
correspondent without poisonous effect. 
The a Chalcideous Parasite 0, cAe Apple-tree Bark Louse {Chalets [Aphelinus ] 
mytilaspidis). (Am. Ent. Dec., 1870, v. 2, pp. 360-362; reprint in 1st 
Ann. Rep. State Ent. Ill. [second of the series], 1871, pp. 33-39.) 
The oyster-shell bark louse has been disappearing for a number of years. 
Causes to which this fact is attributed are insectivorous birds, Cocci- 
nella?, adults and larvae, larvae of Chalcididae, and Acari. Birds help little 
or none, while Coccinellae destroy a very small proportion of the young in 
the few days while the latter are moving, and subsequently kill a 
few bark lice by gnawing ragged holes in the scales. The work of Acari 
is supposed to be indicated by the brownish, discolored remnants of un¬ 
hatched eggs, and Walsh and Shimer, who first noticed it, attributed 
much efficacy to them: but as they are sometimes rare where this work 
is not uncommon, in one case occurring in only four of e ghty-one scales 
so affected, it is doubtful if it is all due to them. A large number of 
scales show the exit holes of a parasitic fly. The past season its life his¬ 
tory was traced. Early in the season two or three chalcids were seen on 
infested twigs: and about the first of August one was found nearly perfect 
under a scale, numbers being captured in August and September. The 
female stands transversely to the scale in ovipositing, and is not easily 
disturbed. Oviposition described, and Fitch’s description of the larva quoted. 
Usually one and never more than two larvae are found under one scale. 
Number of broods not determined. Adult described. Four infested twigs 
from different trees remote from each other yielded the following data: 
Scales examined 330: holes made by Chalcis 116; larvm of Chalcis 95; holes 
made by Coccinellae 7; discolored eggs 81; Acari 4: scales with uninjured 
. eggs 27." Chalcis larvae are therefore destroying more than twice as many 
bark lice as all other agencies combined, and less than one twelfth of the 
scales contain sound eggs. Apparently the career of the bark louse is 
coming to an end. Note.—By the middle of September holes appear in 
I scales made by first brood in escaping, and late in the fall full-grown 
larvae of a second brood have been found, ready for hibernation. A sec¬ 
ond examination of scales resulted as follows: Number examined 824; de¬ 
stroyed by chalcids 533: destroyed by Acari and other causes 234: scales 
with more or less sound eggs 57,—showing the work of the Chalcis to be 
