15 
closure the little caterpillar goes through its transformations. It lines 
the opposite sides of the leaf, where the pupa lies, with fine white silk. 
The pupa is three tenths of an inch long or a little less, terminating 
anteriorly in a little knob, and posteriorly in a pair of hooks bent down¬ 
wards, by means of which it works itself half way out of the closed 
edges of the leaf before the moth emerges. There is also a series of 
minute spines on the edge of some of the segments which assist in this 
operation. 
“The moth is three tenths of an inch long, the average expanse of wings 
being half an inch. Antenna? brown, annulated with whitish on each 
joint, most distinctly on the under side; first joint densely clothed with 
orange scales. Palpi orange, horizontal; the scales project around and 
beyond the end of the penultimate joint so as to form a little cup in 
which the small ultimate joint is inserted. Tegula? more than half the 
length of the thorax. Head, thorax, and fore wings bright orange. The 
orange scales which cover the wings are observed, when seen under a 
lens, to be mixed with numerous whitish, almost silvery, scales, so ar¬ 
ranged as to form about ten indistinct, transverse, sinuous or wavy lines. 
Hind wings, abdomen, and legs whitish, with a silken lustre. There is a 
little plume of divergent scales at the end of the abdomen.' 1 
Two broods of eggs are deposited on the leaves, the first early in spring 
and the second in the latter part of July. The first brood is limited in 
numbers, and hand picking might pay. These fold the leaf about them, 
while those of the second brood protect themselves with a web over the 
surface of the leaf. A bug supposed to be Havpadov cindus attacks the 
larvae. 
[Printed first in 1st edition of the 1st Ann. Rep. State Ent, Ill., which 
was burned before issue.] 
A trip to Southern Illinois. The Curculio and other Matters. (Prairie Farmer, 
July 1 and 8, 1871, v. 42, pp. -.) 
The total failure last year, and great scarcity the year before, of the 
stone fruits, have sensibly diminished the numbers of the curculio. Still they 
have been numerous, especially in the vicinity of woodlands and thickets. 
Considering the lack of stone fruits, where did so many come from? We 
have no reason to suppose that they migrate to any considerable distance. 
That thev originated in the neighborhood is virtually proved by the fact 
that the greater part of them have been taken from the outside rows of 
peach-trees nearest timber or thickets, showing that they have come from 
these localities. Analogy is opposed to their having lived over a second 
winter. The most plausible explanation is that the curculios must have 
bred elsewhere than in the plum or peach. But the same causes that de¬ 
stroyed the cultivated fruits were fatal to wild fruits. Is it possible it 
could have bred elsewhere than in fruit? A number of recorded facts 
show that this mav have been the case. Peck, of Massachusetts, Harris, 
Fitch, Riley, etc., quoted to show that curculios may breed in warty excres¬ 
cences of cherry and plum, and in peach shoots. Further observations are 
necessary to harmonize these statements. The fact that the majority of 
curculios come from outside the orchard goes far to prove that they 
pass the winter in the perfect state, and teaches us to direct our efforts 
at catching them chiefly to the outside rows. 
Curculios are [particularly associated with timber land. Observations 
show that the underbrush, protected by the timber, is the real covert of 
the insect. Overgrown fence corners, thickets, uncut weeds, and bushes 
afford shelter for them. Clean culture in and around the orchard is of 
great importance. Generally the most abundant catch of curculios is ef¬ 
fected in April and May, after which there is a decline in numbers caught 
until in July, when they again become numerous. Their numbers depend 
much on the state of the weather, they being most abundant after a 
warm rain, owing to the softening of the ground, or in very hot weather. 
As a general rule these insects do no harm in the latter part of summer. 
Although they do not puncture the plum to place eggs, questions whether 
