8 
If the grain has been gnawed away from without, the injury 
will commonly have begun with the germ or the softer part of 
the kernel about it, and the insect responsible will frequently be 
found more or less completely imbedded in the cavity which it 
has excavated. It may, in this case, be either one of the wire- 
worms, as already mentioned; a small red or yellowish ant; or 
one of at least three species of small hard-slieiled beetles. 
If the damage has been done by ants, mealy particles are 
likely to be strewn through the dirt, as these insects do not 
devour the substance of the grain, but tear it to pieces merely 
to lick up the fluids it contains; but injuries due to the various 
beetles referred to do not differ in a way to suggest the species 
responsible. 
SYNOPSIS OF INJURIES TO SEED IN THE EARTH, AND 
ORDER OF DISCUSSION. 
1. Injuries by ants (Myrmicidse), which hollow out the kernel, 
commonly scattering the meal through the dirt. Page 9. 
Solenopsis debilis. (Plate II., Fig. 2.) Page 9. 
Myr mica scabrinodis lobicornis. (Plate I., and Plate II., 
Fig. 1.) Page 11. 
2. Injuries by small beetles, which gnaw the kernel from with¬ 
out, commonly beginning at the germ. Page 12. 
Agonoderus pallipes. (Plate II., Fig. 3.) Page 12. 
Aphodius granarius. (Plate II., Fig. 4.) Page 14. 
Clivina impressifrons. (Plate II., Fig. 5.) Page 15. 
3. Injuries by footless maggots, which bury themselves in the 
seed. Page 16. 
Anthomyia zese (Seed-corn Maggot). (Plate II., Fig. 6 
and 7; and Plate IIP, Fig. 1 and 2 .) Page 16. 
Sciara sp. (Black-headed Grass Maggot). (Plate III., Fig. 
3-7.) Page 19. 
4. Injuries by six-legged larvoe, which gnaw or bore through the 
kernel. Page 21. 
Systena taeniata (Pale-striped Flea-beetle). (Plate III.? 
Fig. 8; and Plate IV., Fig. 1 and 2.) Page 21. 
Ips fasciatus (The Banded Ips). (Plate IV., Fig. 3-5.) 
Page 23. 
Wireworms: Pages 28, 47, 48. 
Cardiophorus sp. (Plate IV., Fig. 6.) Page 32. 
Drasterius elegans. (Plate V., Fig. 1-3.) Page 34. 
Agriotes mancus (The Wheat Wireworm). (Plate V., 
Fig. 4-6.) Page 36. 
Agriotes pubescens. (Plate VI., Fig. 1.) Page 39. 
Melanotus communis. (Plate VI., Fig. 3-5.) Page 39. 
