88 
26, 28, Juue 10, 25, August 11, October 10; Panicum (five times) 
June 23, 29, July 13, 31, and August 4; Setaria (seven times) 
May 16, June 1, 13, 16, 25, July 13 and 15; smartweed (Polyg¬ 
onum) (once) June 26. 
I hus we see that it has occurred fifteen times on cultivated 
plants, twenty-two times on the grasses, and once on a dicotyledo¬ 
nous species. It will further be seen that it does not appear to 
show a decided preference for any single food plant at any certain 
time of the year. A general preference for grass roots is shown, 
however, by the fact that in several cases where the roots of corn 
and grass were closely intertwined, the Schizoneura was found 
upon the latter only. It occasionally occurs on the roots of 
grass in fields planted with wheat, oats, etc., and wherever it is 
found in cultivated fields it is usually much the most abundant 
in those which were in sod the previous year. We have found 
it very common in the viviparous wingless form on the roots of 
various perennial grasses—blue-grass, timothy, and several na¬ 
tive species—as the sod was broken up; and there is little doubt 
that plants of this class furnish its principal sustenance. 
LIFE HISTORY. 
The life history of this species is still incomplete, all our ob¬ 
servations applying only to viviparous females, winged and 
wingless. The winter is passed in the latter stage, at least in 
part, as is proven by the occurrence of adult wingless viviparous 
females as early as April 5, in a log, on grass, attended by 
Lasius interject us, and as late as November 25, in the burrows 
of L. alienus, in a corn field. The accompanying table shows 
that the young have been found as early as April 12 and as late 
as August 11. In the former case they were born in a breeding 
cage from stem-mothers introduced April 5, and in the latter 
they were taken from the roots of “grass” in a sorghum field. 
Between these dates the3^ have been found frequently in May, 
June, and July upon the roots of various food plants, such as 
corn, grass, Setaria, smartweed (Polygonum), timothy, *Pani- 
cum, and sorghum. 
Mhe “pupae” (showing wing-pads) have been collected five 
times, as follows: May 26, June 1, July 13 and 15, and August 4. 
The winged viviparous female (winged pseudogyne) has been 
found by us eight times, as follows: June 1 on Setaria roots in 
corn field; June 10 on grass roots in corn field; June 13, 17, 
and 23 on roots of corn; June 25 on grass roots, on corn, and 
on blue-grass; July 13 on roots of Setaria, Panicum, mid corn; 
and July 15 on Setaria roots in corn. Almost every year during 
the past ten years we have taken the winged pseudogyne during 
the month of Juue, and but twice (July 13 and 15) in any other 
month. Pupae of this form have occurred, however, August 4. 
