89 
June 25, 1889, winged forms were observed migrating from a 
corn field to a pasture—mostly blue-grass. They came from the 
roots of corn and grasses, in the corn fields, to the upper leaves 
of smartweed, corn, and other plants, and, after resting there a 
few minutes, rose vertically into the air and flew very rapidly, 
with the wind, to an adjoining field of blue-grass, where they 
were taken in great numbers by sweeping. 
The early spring history of this species is best indicated by 
notes made April 5, 1884, by my assistant, Prof. H. Garman, 
now of the State College of Kentucky. Root lice whose identifi¬ 
cation as Schizoneura panicola has lately been verified by us, 
were obtained by him April 5 from a nest of ants of the species 
Lasius interjectus, which had established themselves in a rotten 
log at the edge of a corn field near Bloomington, Ill. This 
nest contained likewise a number of eggs of aphides probably not 
of this species. The collection made was exposed to a colony of 
ants of the species above mentioned, which had been kept in a 
Lubbock formicary during the winter, with the result that the 
ants from the field were driven away and the Schizoneura and 
aphis eggs were seized upon and carried away into the burrows 
of the colony. Here all were cared for during about three weeks, 
when the observations terminated. A tuft of blue grass was 
placed within reach of the ants, and upon this the root lice 
were colonized and began to breed April 12, the young there 
born being alive and in good condition April 25. 
According to another experiment, begun by Mr. C. M. Weed 
May 16, 1887, a wingless female of this species obtained from 
the roots of Setaria in an oat field was placed on that plant 
in a breeding cage. The next day she had moulted and given 
birth to young, additions to her brood being made at inter¬ 
vals to May 21, when the observation terminated. 
On the 26th of May the winged pupae found in an oat field 
preponderated greatly over all the other forms and stages; a 
fact possibly to be accounted for by the relatively scanty food 
supply in that situation, and the consequent necessity for mi¬ 
gration elsewhele. June 10, on the other hand, in a corn field 
where winged specimens were present in large numbers, the 
great majority of those observed were wingless females in vari¬ 
ous stages. 
The closely related Schizoneura corni lives from September 
until June on the dogwood (Cornus), and from June until Sep¬ 
tember on the roots of certain grasses. Our collections contain 
species of S. corni from the dogwood, but the most careful in¬ 
vestigation of our large collection of root lice fails to reveal any 
evidence of its ever having been taken here on the roots of corn. 
RELATIONS TO ANTS. 
The accompanying table shows that our first and last collec¬ 
tions for the year were not from the roots of plants, but from 
