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were collected from the 6th to the 29th from roots of corn 
from sod plowed in fall, and from a field of young oats. 
All but one of these had pupated by June 4 (some of them quite 
recently), and this one presently died. The first beetle appeared 
June 16, and all had emerged as adults (five males and eight 
females) June 19. 
A dozen of the beetles bred from this collection were placed 
in a breeding cage and furnished regularly with fresh sods. By I 
July 2 they had laid numerous eggs among the grass roots, I 
and five days later one of these had hatched. July 26 several I 
young larvm were living and doing well, but by August 10,1 
through some misadventure or mismanagement, all had died. 
Again, twenty-one larvae of C.vclocephala turned out by the 
plow in an old corn field near Urbana May 2, 1891, were placed 
in a breeding cage. No notes were made on this collection until 
July 10, at which date imagos had emerged, and numerous eggs 
of this species were found in the earth, deposited singly like 
those of Lachnosterna. 
In electric light collections made April 11 and 12, thirteen 
days in May, fifteen days in June, and thirteen days in July, 
1887, this species first appeared June 10, became abundant by 
the 17th and 18th, continued so until the 1st of July, and dis¬ 
appeared July 14—both beginning and continuing decidedly later 
than any of the six species of Lachnosterna collected at the same 
time. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
In the struggle for existence the white grubs and the June! 
beetles enjoy many pronounced advantages, and are subject to 
relatively few and feeble checks on their multiplication. The 
large size and the subterranean habit of the grubs protect them 
in great measure against two of the three principal classes of 
natural enemies of insect larvm; namely, birds and insect para¬ 
sites. They are more liable to fungus parasitism, it is true, but 
many kinds of much less abundant insects suffer far more 
heavily therefrom, and authentic reports of the notable destruc¬ 
tion of our American white grubs by fungus parasites are rare. 
The beetles are especially protected by their large size and heavy 
armor, by their nocturnal habit and their skill in hiding them¬ 
selves by day, by the enormous numbers in which they appear, 
and by the relatively short term of their adult life. Cold and heat, 
drouth and wet weather have little noticeable effect upon these 
insects in any stage, and even starvation does not kill the 
grubs, for in the absence of other food they can live for months 
on earth alone. 
Great as the number doubtless is of individuals of the several! 
species which fall victims during the year to various enemies 
and other hostile agencies, the evidence now before us does notl 
warrant us in placing any considerable reliance on these naturall 
checks to the multiplication of the white grubs, but we are 
