127 
wanting of the occurrence of a bacterial disease native to our 
Lachnosterna larvae, but no precise studies have been made suf¬ 
ficient to warrant the assertion that such bacterial diseases 
really occur. The common insect parasite, Sporotrichum globu- 
li/erum , the so-called white fungus of the chinch bug, has never 
been found by us infesting Lachnosterna larvae in a state of 
nature, although these larvae have been proven quite susceptible 
to it in the course of our experimental work. June beetles have 
been frequently found, however, with this fungus growing upon 
their dead bodies, but, for all that is clearly known to the con¬ 
trary, it may have taken its start upon them after the death of 
the beetles. 
In Europe, according to Giard and Krassilstschik, three dis¬ 
eases of the European white grubs have been detected: one of 
them due to a fungous infection by the species most commonly 
known as Isaria densa, Link, (=Botrytis tenella, Saccardo); and 
the other two, bacterial diseases studied by the last named 
author. 
These fungous diseases will be more fully treated in the fol¬ 
lowing section, where numerous experiments for the infection of 
the white grubs will be described in some detail. 
PREVENTIVE AND REMEDIAL MEASURES. 
If we use the word remedy for measures intended to arrest an 
injury already begun, and prevention for measures applied in 
advance of such injury, we must say that efficient remedies for 
the injuries of white grubs are but little applicable to their work 
in corn, and that we are confined consequently, for the main 
purposes of this article, to a discussion of preventive measures 
only. Such measures of prevention may be either local or gen¬ 
eral: applied, in the first case, to the field in which corn is to 
be planted, and intended to forestall injury in that field only; 
or, in the second case, applied elsewhere or more comprehen¬ 
sive^, with a view to a more general effect in reducing the 
number of white grubs over a larger area. 
Local preventive measures can take effect only on the white 
grubs themselves, while the most valuable general measures are 
those directed to the destruction of the June beetles before their 
eggs are laid. 
Local Prevention .—It is now well settled, as has been shown 
in the preceding pages, that at least some species of the white 
grubs may be freely and abundantly bred in fields of corn; but 
it still remains true that by far the greater number of those in 
the country at any time have arisen from eggs laid by the 
beetles 'in ground bearing a crop of grass; and that corn is con¬ 
sequently much more likely to be damaged if planted on sod 
than if it follows clover, some small grain, or corn itself. The 
first effort of the corn farmer threatened by these insects should 
consequently be directed to clearing the grubs out of the grass 
land which he wishes to plant to corn. For this purpose it is 
