8 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
Some progress has been made in the study of the extinct life of 
Florida and already we have record of the presence in the State dur¬ 
ing earlier times of many animals which are now either entirely 
extinct or are found only in remote parts of the earth. Among the 
land animals that formerly lived in Florida the following may be 
mentioned as of special interest. The list here given, however, is by 
no means complete. . 
THE ELEPHANTS. 
In former times the elephants, now found native only in Africa and Asia, 
were present in North America, and extended their range into Florida, their 
remains having been found at many localities throughout the State. The parts 
of the skeleton most commonly found are isolated bones, grinding teeth and 
tusks, the large size of which invariably attracts attention. The elephant found 
in Florida is not the mammoth of the northern states, but is the Columbian ele¬ 
phant, Elephas columbi. Some of the teeth, however, closely resemble those of 
the Imperial elephant which was formerly abundant in the western part of the 
United States and it is possible that both species were present in Florida. In 
addition to the true elephants, there were present in Florida, as shown by their 
fossil remains, at least two species of the mastodons or primitive elephants. One 
of these, the American mastodon, known as Mammut americanum, was contem¬ 
poraneous with the elephant, or possibly endured on this continent longer than 
did the elephant. The other mastodons of Florida, of which there may be more 
than one species, existed at a time previous to the appearance either of the true 
elephants or of the American mastodon, and are found only in deposits older 
than those in which is imbedded the remains of the elephant. 
THE HORSES. 
Florida was evidently the home, through long geologic periods, of various 
species of the horse family. In the comparatively late formations is found re¬ 
mains of the true horse, Equus, which, however, differs from the domestic horse, 
which was re-introduced from Europe after the horses native to America had be¬ 
come extinct. In the somewhat older formations are found earlier, smaller and 
more primitive horses which were evidently the associates of the early masto¬ 
dons, being imbedded in the same deposits. These early members of the horse 
family are placed under the genus Hipparion. 
THE RHINOCEROSES. 
It is of much interest to find that the rhinoceroses at one time made up an 
important element in the land fauna of Florida, being found in the Pliocene de¬ 
posits of central Florida in association with those of the early horse and masto¬ 
don, the remains of all of which have been brought to light in connection with 
phosphate mining. Two species of rhinoceroses are recognized, one of which 
included stocky and heavy built animals, while the other kind was more nearly 
of the proportions of the modern rhinoceroses of Africa and Asia. Neither, 
however, were identical with any of the species no\y living. 
