212 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
throughout the type as a whole. In the southeastern part of the 
area the type averages a little coarser, approaching at times a coarse 
sand, and where it merges into the Norfolk fine sand there is a long 
gradation between them in whidh the texture approaches that of a 
fine sand. There are also variations in different places in the rela¬ 
tive proportions in size of the soil particles, particularly as to the 
finer grades, but there are always enough of the coarser particles to 
impart the coarser feel. 
Norfolk sand, loamy phase .—A variation in the type is shown in 
the eastern part of the area by means of rulings, particularly to the 
south and southwest of Belleview along the Seaboard Air Line Rail¬ 
road. In these areas the soil is somewhat darker and the subsoil a 
deeper yellow and both are slightly loamy, although the lower sub¬ 
soil becomes loose and incoherent. The areas appear to be of higher 
agricultural value than the average. 
There are some low-lying areas in depressions associated with 
the high hammock soils near Ocala that support a hammock growth. 
These areas have considerable leaf mold in the surface soil, render¬ 
ing it darker than the typical hammock phase, although otherwise 
identical with it. Another vegetative growth is also indicated. This 
is in areas of scrub outlined from the remainder of the type, which 
are in marked contrast with the surrounding areas of the type, 
owing to' the different vegetation, being covered by stunted ever¬ 
green oaks and a shortleaf locally called “spruce pine.” In these 
areas a marked contrast to the average of the type is the dazzling 
white appearance of the surface, which upon examination is found to 
be a mere veneer not over 2 inches deep, under which is encountered 
bright or ocherous-yellow colored sand. In texture and structure 
it does not vary from the average of the type. The largest area is 
known as the Big Scrub. This lies southward from Ocala. 
While the greater part of the Norfolk sand has a substratum of 
sand reaching to a depth of many feet, there are some areas in 
which the sand is not over 4 to 6 feet in depth. A typical section of 
this kind is that northwest of Ocala, having a flat or slightly undu¬ 
lating surface, in which are found frequent outcrops of flinty lime¬ 
stone and around these some loose stone. In this section either the 
sand directly overlies the rocks or there is an intervening clay 
stratum. Rock outcrops occur occasionally in the lower and flat 
areas of the type and around the rims of some sinks. They are very 
rarely encountered in the rolling areas. 
