216 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
tion. There is also' a belt of flat to undulating country extending 
southeast from Standard and Earlybird in which there are fre¬ 
quent outcrops of the flinty rocks and some loose stone on the sur¬ 
face. Clay is found at 4 to 6 feet in places*, but the soil is of the 
same texture and character as the general average of the type, 
though a little lighter in color, being light yellowish or grayish yel¬ 
low, approaching the color of the Leon fine sand. In addition, it is 
characterized by a scattering growth of saw palmetto, which is 
rarely seen on most of the Norfolk fine sand. 
Slight variations in texture are found in different parts of the 
type. While it all averages a fine sand, it tends in places toward a 
coarser texture, and in the southwestern part of the area approaches 
that of a very fine sand. 
The Norfolk fine sand is confined to the western half of the area, 
in Levy, Marion, and Citrus Counties. It is found in practically one 
large, connected body, broken to some extent by areas of other soil 
types. 
The topography of the type is mostly rolling, a large part of it 
constituting the highest rolling lands in the area. The surface is 
for the most part irregular and choppy, owing to the presence of 
depressed basins caused by the solution of limestone beds and the 
falling in of caverns. The change in elevation from the sunken 
areas to the higher lands surrounding ranges from 20 to more than 
100 feet. Most of the basins occur at an elevation of 40 to 60 feet 
above sea level, but there are some that are as low as 10 to 20 feet 
above. The average elevation of the tops of the knolls is 100 feet 
or more above sea level and the highest elevation of the area occurs 
in this type, being 220 feet above sea level. This point is west of 
Hernando. In some parts, especially east of Dunnellon and in the 
vicinity of Earlybird, the surface smooths out to gently undulating. 
Th£re are no surface streams found within this type, with the ex¬ 
ception of Wekiwa Creek, or Blue Spring Run, which is really a 
subterranean stream coming to the surface. The sand is porous 
and all the water falling upon it passes readily downward to the 
permanent water table or seeps into the sinks and subterranean chan¬ 
nels in the porous limestones beneath. 
This soil holds only a small amount of moisture, and in its 
present condition will not support crops during dry, hot weather, 
but by increasing the organic-matter content it can be made to main¬ 
tain a more adequate supply of moisture. 
