222 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 
crops and plowing them under while cultivating the land every year. 
Rather liberal fertilizer applications are necessary for best results 
with all crops. 
The areas in Tsala Apopka Lake are devoted to citrus fruits, 
which do well. Here the surface is not far above the water table. 
These areas as mapped are rather variable, including areas of Nor¬ 
folk fine sand, Gainesville fine sandy loam, and Gainesville fine sand 
SO' intricately associated as to preclude satisfactory separation 
on the scale used. The dominant soil, however, is the Gainesville 
fine sand. In these areas some limestone fragments are present. 
The Gainesville fine sand supports the type of vegetation known 
as “open pine woods,” the growth being longleaf pine, which attains 
a good size and is fairly close. There is no undergrowth except a 
strong sod of wire grass. 
Mechanical analyses of typical samples of the soil and subsoil 
gave the following results: 
Mechanical analyses of Gainesville fine sand from 6V 2 mi. north of Dunnellon 
(soil o- 6 , subsoil 6-36 in.). 
Number 
Descrip¬ 
tion 
Fine 
gravel 
Coarse 
sand 
Med¬ 
ium 
sand 
Fine 
sand 
Very 
fine 
sand 
Silt 
Clay 
Per ct. 
Per ct. 
Per ct 
Per ct. 
Per ct. 
Per ct. 
Per ct. 
260817 _ 
Soil_ 
0.2 
1.4 
8.4 
71.1 
10.6 
2.5 
5.7 
260818 '_ 
' 
Subsoil— 
.0 
1 7 
9.7 
73.5 
8.1 
2.3 
5.0 
GAINESVILLE SANDY LOAM. 
The Gainesville sandy loam is a rather variable type in color, 
depth of soil, and vegetative growth. There are two kinds of vege- i 
tation on this land—hardwood and pine. The hardwood hammock 
land averages a darker-colored soil with less depth to the clay sub¬ 
soil than the pine-woods phase, but there are many places in which ; 
there is very little difference, as far as the appearance of the soil is 
concerned, between the material of the typical soil and the pine j 
phase, each grading into the other. The hammock land varies from 
brown to yellowish-brown medium sand to loamy sand or light 
sandy loam. Included in these areas are spots of gray sand, so that 
the surface is quite variable in color and texture. The depth of the 
soil ranges from 8 to 24 inches. Beneath this there is encountered 
a brownish-yellow clay, varying from sandy to stiff and plastic, 
which generally becomes heavier with depth. In places the under- 
