SOIL SURVEY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, FLORIDA. 285 
with litmus. Applications of lime, either in the form of burnt lime 
or ground limestone, are therefore necessary to enable the farmer 
to secure the maximum yields of most crops. 
As in the case of the Portsmouth soils, the most important factor 
influencing crop production on the Scranton fine sandy loam is 
drainage. Open ditches have been constructed in places to carry 
off the excess water. Crops are sometimes grown on beds raised a 
few feet above the general surface and corn and cotton are grown 
on high ridges. 
The type is inextensive, but is encountered in nearly every part 
of the county. In its natural condition it supports a growth of pine, 
gallberry, and wire grass. A large part of the type is under culti¬ 
vation to the general farm crops. Strawberries and vegetables are 
also grown. Strawberries do particularly well on this soil. With 
proper fertilization, oats, corn, sugar cane, forage crops, Irish pota¬ 
toes, tomatoes, and a large number of vegetables can be grown suc¬ 
cessfully. 
ALLUVIAL MATERIAL-MIXED DERIVATION. 
Johnston Series. 
Soils of the Johnston series are distinguished by the black color 
of the surface and the gray, yellow, and brownish color of the sub¬ 
soils. These soils are alluvial first-bottom soils in the Coastal Plain 
region. They are subject to overflow. They are derived from 
materials washed for the most part from Coastal Plain, soils, with 
an admixture of material from Piedmont soils along streams issuing 
from that province into the Coastal Plain province. No such ad¬ 
mixture is found in the soils of the present survey. 
JOHNSTON FINE SAND. 
The soil of the Johnston fine sand, to a depth varying from 6 to 
15 inches and averaging about 8 inches, consists of a black or dark- 
gray fine sand with a high organic-matter content. The subsoil is 
a light-gray or gray fine sand. Its texture is decidedly variable, and 
at different depths in the same section the size of the particles often 
varies from, fine to coarse, though the fine sand usually predominates. 
In places the heavy clay subsoil of the Johnston fine sandy loam is 
encountered within the 3-foot section, while at a short distance in any 
direction the fine sand continues to a depth of 3 feet or more. The 
two types grade into each other and are frequently so closely asso- 
