. r, T V T BUV sOiE SURVEY OF PIN FLEAS COU NT Y, FLORIDA. 3 19 
growing of citrus fruits, some of the best paying groves in the 
county being located on it. 
Vegetables of all kinds do* exceptionally well, and there is less 
danger of damage from drought than on the typical soil. Taken as 
a whole, this soil is the best in the county. It is better suited to 
a wide range of crops, and is the most certain to produce good aver¬ 
age yields. Its smooth surface fits it for the use of labor-saving 
machinery. 
The value of unimproved land of the flat phase of the Norfolk 
fine sand ranges from $60 to $150 an acre. 
Norfolk Hue sand, hilly phase .—The Norfolk fine sand, hilly 
phase, locally called “sand hills,” consists of a few inches of light- 
gray fine sand resting on a subsoil of light-yellow fine sand, which 
extends to a depth of several feet. The structure of both soil and 
subsoil is rather incoherent, and except for the darker surface, there 
is little variation within the 3-foot section. 
The Norfolk fine sand, hilly phase, is confined entirely to the 
northern part of the county. It appears north of Wall Springs and 
extends around the north end of Lake Butler. East of the lake are 
a few ridges and hillocks which have the form of dunes. 
The phase is excessively drained, and no attempts have been suc¬ 
cessfully made to cultivate the higher lying portions. On account 
of its uneven surface, irrigation for much of this phase would be 
impracticable and in some locations impossible. Irrigation, never¬ 
theless, would be necessary to prevent crops from burning out dur¬ 
ing periods of scanty rainfall. 
Nearly all of the longleaf pine from this phase of the Norfolk 
fine sand has been removed. The present growth consists of black¬ 
jack oak, occasional clumps of live oak, and scattering longleaf pine. 
Areas of Norfolk fine sand, hilly phase, are placed on the 
market in small tracts at $25 to $50 and more an acre. 
Leon Series. 
This series comprises the loose, light-gray to white sandy soils 
of the South Atlantic and East Gulf coast flatwoods region, which 
in their dypical development have a subsurface hardpan stratum, 
encountered usually at a depth of 12 to 24 inches. This stratum 
averages from 8 to 10 inches in thickness and consists of a compact 
layer of fine sand or sand ranging in color from black to dark rusty 
brown in the upper 2 or 3 inches to rusty brown or slightly darker 
