ON THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA OF THE HORSE. 7^ 
time of foaling the mare was found sitting upon her haunches, 
fixed in a corner of her box, unable to rise, until assistance was 
lent her. Could the disease in question have arisen from injury 
received in the false position the mare was found in 1 Since, 
before that time she had always enjoyed good health. 
All I can say about the case is this, that I am sorry I cannot 
give you a more perfect account. 
Wishing you a happy new year, 
I remain, ever yours. 
Mr. W. Percivall. 
PRIZE ESSAY ON THE DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY OF 
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA OF THE HORSE. 
By Mr. John Gamgee. 
[Read before the Members of the Veterinary Medical Associaton.] 
(Continued from page 31.) 
Genito Urinary Apparatus . 
HAVING already described the intra-abdominal portion of the 
alimentary canal, and its accessories, I proceed to the consi¬ 
deration of that portion of the genito-urinary apparatus as con¬ 
tained within the abdomen, in the widest acceptation of the 
latter term. By this I mean the kidneys, and with them, for 
anatomical convenience, I classify the supra-renal capsules, then 
the ureters, bladder, membranous portion of the urethra, vasa 
deferentia, vesiculse seminales, prostate and Cowper’s glands, 
with which 1 shall conclude. 
Kidneys. 
The kidneys are a pair of glands, whose function it is to 
secrete urine. They are distinguished as right and left, being 
both situated in the lumbar region ; but so far as concerns their 
topographical anatomy, notwithstanding their similarity in posi¬ 
tion, they need separate notice. 
The right kidney is more anteriorly situated than the left, 
coming in contact with the posterior part of the right lobe of 
the liver, to which it is attached. It is also fixed to the 
abdominal parietes by peritoneum, and to the spine by blood¬ 
vessels. 
Its shape is that of a bent ovoid, being more symmetrical 
than the left. It has two surfaces and two borders. The 
