128 
HORSESHOES AND HORSESHOEING IN CANADA. 
The following is an extract from the letter of a veterinary 
surgeon of the army, who has spent several years in the 
country:— 
“ With regard to American horseshoes, T am not aware of 
any particularity of construction, with the exception of those 
intended for wear during the winter months. On the setting in 
of winter in Lower Canada, which sometimes takes place as 
early as October, the summer shoes, which are of the ordinary 
description, are taken off, to be replaced by the winter shoes, 
which are made with sharp triangular toe-pieces, composed of 
steel, about three-quarters of an inch long, having both heels 
turned up, pointed and sharpened, and the calkings, both in the 
fore and hind shoes, an inch long. And this is the shoe in ordi¬ 
nary use throughout the country. In shoeing the regimental 
horses, I used to have the inside calkings made blunt instead of 
sharp, by which alteration serious bruises were prevented. 
“ The growth of horn during the winter months is so slow 
in this cold country that, unless it were for the purpose of 
sharpening the toe-pieces or calkings, the shoes on the feet would 
not require to be removed oftener than once in two months, 
and even then horses’ hoofs would exhibit but little spare horn, 
supposing there had been the usual steady duration of frosty 
weather the while; for the hoof becomes so dry, and hard, 
and inelastic, that, at such seasons, sandcracks are by no 
means of infrequent occurrence. One set of shoes will last the 
whole winter, all that is necessary being their removal from 
time to time, in order to fresh sharpen the toe-pieces and heels 
of them. 
“ I have seen a variety of frost shoes fabricated according to 
the notions or fancies of individuals; but they all of them proved 
objectionable in some respects, the majority from rendering the 
horse insecure upon his feet.” 
DEATH FROM INTERNAL HEMORRHAGE. 
By F. Cotterell, V.S., Canterbury. 
On the evening of the 7th January last, I was requested to 
attend a pony belonging to a gentleman living about six miles 
from this town. I found the patient, a pony, aged twenty, to 
be the same that I had attended a short time previously for 
