IN GREAT BRITAIN. 
459 
was possible to restore suspended animation by blowing air 
into the trachea, which discovery has saved the lives of many 
individuals. Croon and Hook, tw T o English physicians, re¬ 
peated the same experiments a century afterwards, and with 
success, Wharton, a physician of London, discovered the 
salivary glands in an ox, in 1659- Eustachius was the 
first who found out the thoracic duct in the horse ; and a 
hundred years after, the same canal was discovered in man. 
The immortal Harvey, assisted by experiments made on 
living animals, effected a total revolution in medicine, by the 
famous discovery of the circulation of the blood. Dr. Wren, 
Professor in the University of Oxford, made several experi¬ 
ments on living animals, to be assured of the effects of dif¬ 
ferent substances on the blood and solid parts, the result of 
which experiments w T as to confirm the discovery of Harvey, 
which for the space of forty years was strenuously opposed.” 
Gesner Aselius, professor of anatomy at Pavia, repeated 
the discovery of the lacteal veins in the mesentery, in brute 
bodies, which had formerly been knowrn to Erasistratus and 
Herophilus. 
Pecquet traced them to the thorax, and completed his dis¬ 
covery by that of the thoracic duct in 1647. It w T as in the 
bodies of brutes, also, that Bartholinus discovered the vasa 
lymphatica. 
Stenon, a native of Copenhagen, but afterwards physician to 
Ferdinand the Second, Grand Duke of Tuscany, discovered, 
in 1661, the excretory ducts of the lacrymal gland in the 
eye of a sheep. Malpighi and Bellini, in 1665, described 
the organs of taste, &c., from the dissection of quadrupeds ; 
but here, analogy led them into some errors. Malpighi’s 
observations on the organ of feeling, were first made on the 
skins of brutes, and afterwards verified on the human skin. 
Weiff made experiments on the hearts of living animals, to 
prove that the auricles were equal. In 1641, Maurice Hoffman, 
professor of physic at Altdorff, discovered the excretory duct 
of the pancreas in a turkey cock. The peristaltic motion of 
the intestines was first discovered in animals. In a word, 
the greater part of the functions of the human frame were 
first made known by the general analogy subsisting between 
the functions of animal organisation. I shall forbear speak¬ 
ing of repeated experiments which have been made on these 
same animals, with a view r to explain those phenomena the 
causes of w 7 hich nature seems to have entirely removed from 
our comprehension, such as the mystery of muscular motion, 
of generation, and of the real functions of the brain, &c. 
All these fruitless endeavours have given rise to systems, 
