G31 
Foreign Department. 
MONOGRAPHIC ESSAY ON VERTIGO OR TURNABOUT 
IN SHEEP. 
By M. Reynal, Chef de Service de Clinique at the Alfort School. 
From a paper on this subject, read before the Academy of 
Medicine, M. Reynal deduces the following resume : — 
1. That turnabout is a disease of the nervous system, oc¬ 
casioned by a w r orm—the ccenuries cerebralis , belonging to the 
hydatid family. 
2. Generally lambs, from the age of two months, or from 
four to twelve months, become the subjects of it; compara¬ 
tively rare at the age of from fifteen to eighteen months, and 
beyond this period, only as exceptions to the general rule. 
3. The progress of the disease is tardy, though uninter¬ 
rupted ; ending in atrophy of the brain and spinal marrow 7 . 
4. Of the first stage, the effect is great loss of flesh; of 
the second, death. 
5. In the rank of principal causes of the production of 
turnabout, I place— 
a. Hereditariness. Ew r es and rams having the disease, 
transmit it to their progeny. 
b. Intercourse between the sexes too prematurely, espe¬ 
cially the employment of a ram for tupping no more than 
six or eight months old, as is the practice in some parts of 
the country. 
6. The way to guard against turnabout consists— 
a . To put out of the breeding-fold both females and males 
that have showm any signs of the disorder; 
b. And not to breed from ew^es under the age of thirty 
months, nor from rams under fifteen or sixteen months old. 
7. And if there be any binding conclusions to be drawm 
from the influence of a first fecundation on succeeding ones, 
we ought to put away from the flock females who, though 
in apparent health themselves, have once produced diseased 
stock.— Recueil de Med . Vet., Mai , 1852. 
INOCULATION A PREVENTION OF PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. 
The Belgian Tndependance contains an announcement of a 
Dr. Willems having made the above discovery, and put it 
