TRANSLATIONS FROM CONTINENTAL JOURNALS, 239 
pleuro-pneumonia, and which is also complicated by altera¬ 
tion of the blood. In this case two powerful agents lead to 
the typhoid state—the alteration of the blood, and the pro¬ 
ducts resulting from the organic lesion of the respiratory 
apparatus. What is deceptive in these cases is, that there 
is no loss of appetite at the outset; the cough, the state of 
the conjunctiva, the acceleration of the respiration, are the 
first and only signs of the loss of health. The other symptoms 
are great prostration of strength, fixedness of the eyes, the 
mucous membrane being of a reddish-yellow colour, petechiae, 
dilatation, more or less marked, of the nostrils, stiffness of the 
whole body, and particularly a weakness of the posterior ex¬ 
tremities. This weakness of the loins, the yellow infiltration, 
and petechiae on the mucous membrane are pathognomonic 
of this disease. The practitioner is also struck by the anxiety 
of the patient, and the acceleration of the respiration, which is 
at times jerked, as in broken wind. It is then easy to ascertain, 
by auscultation, the absence of the respiratory murmur on 
one or both sides of the lungs. The pulse is small and 
feeble; the mouth is dry, and emits an offensive smell; there 
is frequently a yellow* saffron-coloured discharge from the 
nose; the dung is hard, small, and coated with mucus, and 
sometimes of a foetid odour. In bad cases the respiration in¬ 
creases from 25 to 30, or even to 60 per minute. The pro¬ 
gress of this form of the malady is very rapid, if not pre¬ 
vented at the outset from fixing itself on the organs of 
respiration. It will speedily run its course and terminate in 
death, either by disorganization or effusion ; not unfrequently 
these two lesions are found in the same subject. 
The third form, or abdominal, also called gastro-enteric or 
pneumono-hepatic, is the most dangerous. It more closely 
resembles the typhoid fever of man. The principal lesions are 
in the mucous membrane of the intestines and the glands of 
the intestinal tube. The principal symptoms, independent of 
those in common with the other forms, are signs of colic; the 
belly is distended, the flank tucked up, the expiration short, 
extreme prostration, the head down almost to the ground, the 
eyes glazed, the mucous membrane injected, reddish-yellow 
in colour, petechiae and the scybalae coated with a fibro-albu- 
minous substance. In very bad cases the animals move their 
hind feet frequently and try to lie down, but if down remain 
but a short time; at other times they remain immovable. 
The pulse becomes feeble, the extremities are alternately hot 
and cold, the weakness increases, the animal can scarcely 
stand, and if made to move falls on his knees. In some cases 
the two forms are so much confounded with one another that 
