TRANSLATIONS FROM CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 299 
certified; but there is no instance on record of the malady 
having been transmitted, and in the tropics it is of frequent 
occurrence under certain conditions of the atmosphere. It 
is therefore unnecessary to have recourse to contagion to 
account for its development amongst individuals submitted 
to the same hygienic influences, and the same sort of living. 
Notwithstanding this, long experience proves the transmis¬ 
sion of tetanus from the ox to man. The herdsmen of the 
province of Rio Grande, of the Argentine Confederation, and 
the plains of Araguay, have been acquainted with the fact 
long since. When an ox dies from spasm (the name given 
by them for tetanus), they will no more touch it than if it 
had died from glanders or carbon, because they know by 
experience the danger of doing so. It appears that this 
malady is like rabies in the dog—transmissible from the 
animal to man, though not from man to man. 
Journal des Veterinaires du Midi , Jan., 1861. 
MEMOIR ON CALCULI IN THE URINARY PASSAGES OF 
THE OX. 
By M. P. Causs , Veterinaire at Castlenaudary. 
From age de Feugre has described the symptoms by 
which the presence of calculi may be detected when located 
in the urethra, and he also gives the names of several prac¬ 
titioners who have proceeded to extract them with success, 
but without clearly describing the manner of the operation. 
The author knows of no symptoms or signs which indicate 
the presence of calculi when confined to the bladder,— 
when as yet none of them have passed into the urethra. It 
may, however, be suspected when the ox has suffered from 
time to time from slight colic, without any marked derange¬ 
ment of digestion. There are also frequent erections of 
the penis. In these cases of doubt the hand should be intro¬ 
duced into the rectum, and by compressing the bladder, the 
presence of calculi is ascertained ; but the author states that he 
has often done this without success, even when he was almost 
certain of their presence. It is only when the staling is 
suddenly interrupted, and the animal appears uneasy, turns his 
head towards his flanks, shifts his hind legs frequently, &c., and 
when before the voiding of the urine there is an elevation of 
the penis at the ischial arch, then we may be sure that one 
or more calculi have passed through the neck of the bladder 
