TRANSLATIONS FROM CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 423 
director of the school at Vienna, a malignant putrid fever, 
complicated with inflammation of the lungs and liver. The 
disease alsoreceiveclthenameof nervousfever and acutetyphoid 
catarrhal fever. Less intense in Hesse, Pilger called it benign 
nervous fever. At Berlin it was exceedingly mild. The 
director of the school reports that, of 400 horses admitted 
into the institution, not one died, and that the symptoms 
were those of bronchial catarrh, attended with a slight fever. 
Nevertheless he thought it necessary to give it the name of 
nervous fever. 
Numann was the only one who perceived the relation of 
this epizootic in horses to epidemic catarrh in man, and he 
gave it the name of influenza, and from this period dates the 
introduction of the word influenza in veterinary nosology. 
Since the commencement of the present century epizootic 
catarrhal affections have continued to prevail, but on account 
of their benignity have attracted comparatively but little notice. 
This, perhaps, is owing to the deplorable isolation of the two 
branches of medicine, human and veterinary. 
To confirm the oneness of these epizootics and epide¬ 
mics, we most come to a nearer epoch. In 1831 the grippe, 
which preceded the cholera, was accompanied by a catarrhal 
epizootic of the same kind in the horse. The epidemic of 
1858, which was the subject of a discussion in the Academy, 
was accompanied by a catarrhal epizootic in the horse, in 
which pneumonic and anginic complications were frequent. 
In some cases of croup it was noticed that as soon as one 
horse was attacked in a stable all the others caught it, and it 
prevailed to such an extent that in many districts the labour 
of the fields was suspended. In some farms the disease 
was complicated with tumours under the jaw 7 s and on the 
parotid glands, lips, neck, and the chest. It was not only in 
the young horses where strange abscesses prevailed, but, as 
soon as the catarrhal affection assumed that form in one 
stable, all the animals suffered alike, whether young or old. 
It was also observed that the state of convalescence was 
extremely long, particularly amongst foals. The epizootic 
ceased in the autumn of 1858, but reappeared the following 
summer, at which period few localities escaped. 
This retrospective review is made to demonstrate the 
analogy that exists between the catarrhal epidemic of man 
and the epizootic catarrh of the horse, under the double report 
of its origin, and that the name of influenza, given to it in 
1805, has reference to a defined morbid state (la grippe du 
ckeval). 
By a singular mistake, the term influenza has been applied 
