31 
larvae, with no injury to the fish which it may contain. It is scarce¬ 
ly necessary for my present purposes to describe this method in 
detail, especially as those interested may get particulars by writ¬ 
ing to the U. S. Department of Agriculture for Bulletin 46 of its 
Division of Entomology. 
The Illinois Species of Simulium 
S. bracteatum Coq.—This American species, first described in 
1898, is in our collections only from Algonquin, McHenry county, 
Ill., where adults were taken by Dr. Wm. A. Nason on house 
windows and on plants beside a creek May 1 and 4 an'd August 
16 and 22. It is thus evidently at least two-brooded. Outside 
Illinois it is known to occur in Massachusetts, New York, Michi¬ 
gan, Kansas, and California. We have nothing on record con¬ 
cerning its breeding places or habits. 
S. hirtipes Fries.—A very rare species in our collections, two 
adults only having been taken at Algonquin, McHenry county, on 
April 29. It is locally abundant, however, in New York. Mac- 
Gillivray and Holton found it common in the Adirondack Moun¬ 
tains during May and the early part of June, 1903; and it has also 
been received by Johannsen from Ithaca, N. Y., and from Idaho. 
It is a European species, widely distributed in central and 
northern Europe, where, as in this country, it apparently occurs 
but once a year—in northern Scandinavia, for example, from the 
middle of June to the beginning of August.* There is probably 
but one generation in a season. • 
It is a persistent biting species, and probably breeds in small 
streams, since larvae and pupae of hirtipes have been collected by 
Kellogg from the campus of Stanford University, in California, 
and in Austria it is reported only from the high mountain ranges. 
Its occurrence in the Adirondacks, at Ithaca, and also at Algon¬ 
quin, Ill., in the neighborhood of a small stream, and Zetterstedt’s 
statement that it is found in Scandinavia among grasses and upon 
the leaves and flowers of shrubs, especially of willows,—all sup¬ 
port this supposition. Larvse are found in New York in the latter 
part of April and the first two weeks of May, most of them pupat¬ 
ing before the middle of the latter month, and adults appearing 
eight or nine days later—some, indeed, as early as May 1. 
S. johannseni Hart, n. sp. (Figs. 2-7).—A species of buf¬ 
falo-gnat most nearly allied perhaps to the turkey-gnat, meridion- 
ale, has been found in considerable numbers in central Illinois, 
*Diptera Scanclinaviae disposita et descripta. Johanne Wilhelmo Zetter 
stedt, T. IX, p. 3426. 1850. 
