77 
liquid will pxoduce about three hundred and seventy-five volumes 
of the vapor. 
There is one effect of this gas upon the person handling it 
which should be especially borne in mind. When evaporated by 
spraying or sprinkling, or by exposing in many wide and shallow 
dishes, it accumulates very rapidly in the air, and unless one is 
careful it will soon affect him dangerously. Operators in large 
storage rooms applying the fumigant by means of a spray have 
become unconsciously intoxicated by it, and are liable to be over¬ 
come, with dangerous or even fatal consequences. The sense of 
smell becomes benumbed, hearing and sight are dulled, the action 
of the heart becomes quick and violent, and the mouth dry and 
parched. If these symptoms appear, the operator should at once 
abandon his task. A serious intoxication may last for several hours, 
accompanied by headache and followed by a taste of the bisulfid 
in the mouth for a day or two. 
Altho carbon bisulfid was formerly supposed to be available 
only for grain in bulk, and not permissible for flour, it is now 
known that it may be used in mills without fear of injuring the 
flour in any way. The method of its use will vary somewhat ac¬ 
cording to the conditions present, but the fluid should be evaporated 
as rapidly as possible, and the vapor should be given off from as 
high a place as possible within the inclosure. A moderately high 
temperature is to be preferred, but is not indispensable. The best 
method of distributing the fluid is by means of an atomizer or a 
spray pump. If the latter is used, the liquid may be sprayed 
directly upon the ceiling; or it may be simply sprinkled over the 
exposed surface from a watering-pot. 
When these methods are impracticable, it will accomplish the 
purpose if it is placed high up towards the ceiling in large, very 
shallow, dishes or pans, the sides not more than a quarter of an 
inch in height. Bags of cotton-seed or grain may be treated 
separately by means of an iron tube, provided with a conical tip, 
and pierced along its sides with holes to permit the escape of the 
liquid and vapor. In most cases, however, this individual treat¬ 
ment will be found unnecessary. 
Our recent experiments, carried on with great care and dupli¬ 
cated many times, have convinced us that an effective fumigation 
requires ten pounds of carbon bisulfid to every thousand cubic feet 
of space to be treated. At this strength we have found the 
fumigant effective against all granary pests and at all temperatures. 
An effective treatment presupposes a construction of the granary 
or bin such as to hold the vapor for several hours without serious 
loss by leakage. It is at this point that most persons fail in prac¬ 
tical work, since few storehouses or granaries are sufficiently tight 
to hold the vapor long enough, without special and careful prep¬ 
aration. 
