98 
We have since received equally positive testimonials from other 
Illinois florists as to the value of arsenate of lead against this 
leaf-roller. It has been found that the lead must be strictly fresh 
(preferably direct from the manufacturer) or it will not adhere 
well to the foliage, especially not to the newer leaves. Also the 
spraying should begin when the plants are set out, for later, 
when the infestation is severe and the buds are involved, it is 
difficult to spray effectively. 
Light Traps .—This method of destroying the moths has been 
used with success by several growers. It is described on page 87. 
Hand-picking .—Altho laborious, this method is often one of 
the best, especially when there is only a slight infestation, or when 
the bushes are so thick and the foliage so dense that it is impossi¬ 
ble to spray thoroly. 
Fumigation .—Fumigation with tobacco and hydrocyanic acid 
gas has been recommended by various entomologists for the leaf- 
roller, but recent experiments conducted by Sanderson and Jack- 
son in New Hampshire* indicate the inefficiency of these fumi¬ 
gants against this insect. 
The Greenhouse Feae-tier 
Phlyctccnia ferrugalis Hiibn. 
(P. rubigalis) 
Probably the most troublesome and widely distributed enemy 
of chrysanthemums in the vicinity of Chicago is the chrysanthe¬ 
mum, or greenhouse, leaf-tier. It usually injures the foliage by 
feeding on the lower tissue of the leaf, but sometimes it eats 
the upper tissue, and often, when nearly full grown, devours the 
leaf entirely. (Fig. 13.) Asa rule the larva ties two or more leaves 
together, but it sometimes folds over the edge of a single leaf, or 
it may spin a thin silken web over the under surface, feeding be¬ 
neath it. The injury does not so much consist in the weakening 
of the plant as in a disfigurement of its leaves, which greatly 
diminishes its market value. 
The adult of this larva is a pale-brownish moth, with a wing 
expanse of about Y\ inch. The characteristic wing-pattern is 
shown in the accompanying illustration (Fig. 14, A). The moth 
is a night-flier, resting during the day on the under side of the 
lower leaves, beneath the benches, or in other places of conceal¬ 
ment. Its resting position is shown in Figure 41,. B The eggs are 
deposited on the under side of the leaves in groups of 2 to 12, or 
*The Oblique-Banded Leafroller (Archies rosaceana Harr.). Journ. 
Econom. Ent., Vol. II, No. 6 (Dec., 1909 ), pp. 391 - 403 . 4 pi. 
