TRANSLATIONS FROM CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 215 
If these observations are compared with those collected by 
M. Robin, the results will be found to be the same ; but it 
w r ould be too tedious to enter into a critical examination of 
each of them. In a lecture delivered by M. Robin he 
has given a description of the soil on which the aspergillus 
grows, and the plates of MM. Muller and Retsius prove the 
truth of our assertion. From these and other observations 
the following conclusions may be drawn : 
1st. That birds are subject to a particular malady charac¬ 
terised by the development of cryptogami on the mucous 
membrane of the respiratory organs. 
2dly. That this malady has been observed in birds of all 
species : A. In the eagle by M. Thiernesse; in the owl by 
MM. Muller and Retsius. 
B. In the sparrow by M. Mayer; in the crow by MM. 
Muller and Retsius, and in the starling by Rayer and 
Montagne. 
C. In the climbing birds, as in the parrot, by Rousseau 
and Serrurier. 
D. In gallinaceous tribes by M. Robin. 
E. In the plover by Spring; in the stork by Hensinger; 
in the flamingo by Owen; and in the ostrich by Pcelman. 
F. In the palmipedes, as in the duck, by Eudes de Long- 
champs ; and in the swan by Mayer. 
3dly. That death supervenes in birds where this develop¬ 
ment is considerable, so as to interfere with normal res¬ 
piration. 
4thly. That the cryptogami in question have the form of 
tubercles when existing in the pulmonary cells ; but when 
developed in the bronchial larynx they assume the form of 
small discs, which are either isolated or united in large 
layers ; and w 7 hen in the trachea, they form simple masses 
without any defined shape. 
5thly. That it is impossible with the incomplete mate¬ 
rials which we at present possess to assign a correct botanical 
place to these cryptogami. It is probable that when better 
understood they will be placed among the Mucedineae. 
6thly. That these cryptogami almost always present on their 
surface the aspergillus which w r e consider as a parasite of 
them. 
