TRANSLATIONS FROM CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 283 
the section of the trigemini nerve of the eye causes conges¬ 
tion and defective nutrition of the eye, the mucous mem¬ 
brane of the nose, the gums, and the tongue (Herbert Mayo, 
Majenclie , Longet ). Shiff having repeated these experiments, 
deduced from them that the vessels of these parts received 
their nervous supply from the trigemini instead of from the 
great sympathetic. This, however, is equivocal, and will 
remain so until it has been proved that the fibres of the tri¬ 
gemini, which go to the vascular parietes, emanate directly 
from the brain, and not from the ganglion of Gaser. Ac¬ 
cording to the same author, the fibres of the vaso-motor of 
the face are given off from the par vagam. M. Chauveau 
(Journal de Lyons, p. 185), also asserts never having seen in 
the horse the fibres of the sympathetic communicating with 
the extremities of the arteries. The connecting chain of the 
great sympathetic with the cerebro-spinal system is pregnant 
with many important questions, of the solution of which we 
know nothing as yet. The physiological data seem to esta¬ 
blish that the anastomosing branches which connect the 
sympathetic with the spinal nerves have a double origin. 
Fibres from the sympathetic accompany the spinal nerves 
on the outside; others take their origin in the cellules of the 
spinal ganglia and the spinal cord, and arrive at the sympa¬ 
thetic by motor and sensitive branches (Kolliker). This 
opinion, which is the most probable, is also applicable to the 
connexion between the sympathetic nerve and the brain. 
The destruction of the inferior facial of the cervical portion 
of the spinal cord, and the superior or dorsal portion, is fol¬ 
lowed by an increase of temperature and dilatation of the 
arteries. The excitation of those parts have a contrary effect 
—that of contraction. These experiments succeed only so 
far as the cervical branch of the sympathetic nerve is left 
intact. The same mutilation practised at the fifth or sixth 
dorsal vertebra causes the same effects on the arteries of the 
hind legs (Budge, Schiff). The results from these facts are, 
that the innervation of the vaso-motor has also its source in 
the cerebro-spinal axis, and that the sympathetic ganglia are 
not the only conductors. This interpretation is confirmed 
by the discoveries of Pflueger, that the galvanization of the 
inferior roots of the spinal cord determines a sensible con¬ 
traction of the arteries. The spino-cerebral axis, therefore, 
shares with the sympathetic nerve the faculty of provoking 
the automatic and reflective movements in the involuntary 
muscles, viz., those of organic life. In fact, irritative hyper- 
haemia is the consequence of any excitation on the nerves of 
sensation. 
°ne may conclude from these facts that the fibres from 
