TREPHINE IN DISEASE OF SINUSES OF THE HEAD. 383 
The cases in which a cure may be expected from the 
operation are just those which ought not to be confounded 
with glanders. Although all chronic discharges from the 
nostrils are, and properly so, looked upon with suspicion, 
this does not justify an indiscriminate slaughter of animals 
so affected. Many cases are, at a certain stage, perfectly 
local in their nature, and distinguishable from glanders, con¬ 
sisting in the formation and lodgment of pus in one or more 
of the cavities of the head, which, from their construction, 
retain some portion of the matter secreted within them, and 
this eventually leads to disease and change of structure. 
Free exit given to the matter, and gentle stimulants resorted 
to, so as to restore the healthy action of the part, wdll sug¬ 
gest themselves to all persons as the most likely means to 
effect a cure, the same as is frequently seen to occur w hen 
pus lodges in other parts of the body. 
The cases in which I have found trephining to be useful 
have presented the following symptoms: discharge from one 
nostril (I have known only one exception to this); after a 
short time the submaxillary glands on the same side become 
enlarged ; the Schneiderian membrane is not ulcerated, but 
looks unhealthy; the matter discharged is offensive, not con¬ 
stantly flowing, nor is it so sticky as it is in gleet proper; 
frequently a slight rattling noise may be heard in the head 
during the act of breathing; the appetite and condition are 
generally unimpaired ; in very extreme cases a dull sound 
is heard if the bone bounding the affected sinus be tapped, 
thus indicating the proper one to be opened. 
As cases presenting these symptoms are not uncommon, 
and the chances for such being cured are rather in their 
favour, I think the very little risk there is attending the 
treatment of them ought not to deter any one w ho has daily 
opportunities of seeing his patients from undertaking the 
treatment of the same. I cannot agree with those who think 
the majority of English veterinary surgeons condemn horses 
as glandered when they are only affected wdth catarrhal 
gleet. 
The case I have now under treatment is not a peculiar 
one, as I can recollect several others similarly affected. The 
horse is eight years old, has been in camp for twelve months 
past, and did not come under my notice till the 1st of 
February, 1859? I having been with the head-quarters of the 
regiment in Oude. I was told the discharge had existed for 
more than tw r o months, and that it was supposed to be the 
effect of a cold. I found a slight discharge only from the 
off nostril, but from the near there was a considerable escape of 
