REARING OF CATTLE. 
513 
that of normal bone, and the microscope shows that the bony 
corpuscle is the fundamental element. Externally, the bone 
is clothed with periosteum. It is hollowed into medullary 
spaces, filled with a substance resembling foetal medulla, 
which afterwards unite into one large cavity. The new bone 
may be adherent or not to the old one. In the former case 
it is no production of the old bone, but a new bone added to 
the old one, increasing side by side with it, but not living at 
its expense. Tracing the development of this new bone from 
the commencement, we may convince ourselves that it is 
formed from a subperiosteal blastema, issuing from the under 
surface of the periosteum; and if we scrape one half of this 
surface with a scalpel, we then destroy the germs of future 
bone, and the osseous tissue will only be produced by the 
half that has not been scraped. 
II. Osseous Grafts. —M. Ollier has performed a series of 
experiments, in which bones entirely separated from the soft 
parts, but surrounded by their periosteum, have, when trans¬ 
planted, continued to live in their new localities, increasing 
according to the laws of their normal development. This, 
however, as yet, has only obtained with regard to the bones 
of the same species of animals ; the bone under other circum¬ 
stances, only apparently grafting, becomes encysted. The 
preservation of the periosteum is the one thing essential for 
the success of the transplantation. Without this, the osseous 
tissue does not appear to possess sufficient vitality for the 
contraction of vascular adhesions ; and although it offers 
more or less resistance to absorption, it at last disappears.— 
Gazette Medicate , 1859, Nos. xiv and xv .—Med Times and 
Gazette. 
REARING OF CATTLE. 
In Great Britain, where animal food enters so very largely 
into the general consumption of the inhabitants, no part of 
the economy of farming demands a more earnest attention 
than the rearing and fattening of the animals that are used 
for that purpose. A detailed statement of the most approved 
mode of managing cattle may not be unserviceable. 
The calving season commences in January and continues 
till June, the earliest dropped calves being always the best, 
and maintaining a superiority throughout the season. So 
soon as it is dropped, the calf is rubbed dry by straw in hand ; 
an egg is crushed and passed down its throat, and it is carried 
to a single apartment, in which it lies undisturbed for some 
