136 
OBSERVATIONS ON SOUNDNESS. 
—that is, in an ordinary sized liorse—and that an ordinary 
sized man’s arm can reach tliirty-two inches? And further, 
I would tell him that I have, in the dead subject, drawn upon 
a man’s hand and arm, and also upon a beesorn stale, each 
of which had been passed up the rectum, the whole of that 
gut, three and a half yards long, like unto and in the same 
manner as I could draw a loose sleeve over the arm, and in 
this case the forefingers could reach into the colon. I en¬ 
countered no difficulty whatever in doing this, for it will be 
remembered that the rectum floats very loose from the fan¬ 
like mesentery; but the colon has a closer attachment. 
Now does the idea look any more feasible? and if it does, 
will any one co-operate with me in making the attempt to 
accomplish the object in view ? 
BC 
OBSERVATIONS ON SOUNDNESS.” 
By R. H. Dyer, M.R.C.V.S., Waterford. 
[Continuedfrom 75.) 
It may be asked, why crib-biting was considered at so 
early a stage of these observations ? Perhaps, too, it will 
be argued by some that the disease, or habit, as it has been, 
I think, improperly designated, would more consistently have 
occupied a position in the catalogue of diseases of the diges¬ 
tive organs. My reason is obvious. These remarks not 
being intended to supply or take the place of a work on 
patholog}", it is at that stage of our examination as to sound¬ 
ness that our attention is more particularly arrested by 
it. The same remarks are applicable to the next inquiry we 
shall make—viz., into the state of the naml cavities. It is 
needless to call attention to the importance of this subject, 
as it will be anticipated that that loathsome disease, glanders, 
will be hinted at. 
The salivary glands, and the Schneiderian membrane, are 
so intimately concerned, the one with the other, in these 
examinations, that I shall purposely connect them. 
It may assist us in our inquiry if we take a glance at the 
structure and function of these parts. The nose is divisible 
into hard and soft ])arts. The former, are the bones and 
cartilages; the latter, the lining membrane of the various 
cavities and passaires. T'hese cavities are denominated the 
nasal fossae, and the different sinuses. There are five carti- 
