PATHOLOGY OF GLANDERS. 
721 
brane, whicli, unlike the fibro-llgamentous and fibro-carti- 
laginous structures of joints rarely take on acute inflam¬ 
mation; they are structures much less vascular^ much less 
sensitive than the synovial membrane, and we have daily 
proofs of ossification, and even anchylosis in the minor arti¬ 
culations of the tarsus, unaccompanied by lameness.” My 
own convictions are so strong, that I think the question 
ought to be set at rest for ever, that whatever stringhalt 
may be, and whatever tissue is the seat of it, the hock joint is 
most certainly not in tlie slightest degree implicated. 
THE PATHOLOGY OF GLANDERS. 
By A. C. Shaw, late V.S. 18th Hussars, Hatfield, 
Doncaster. 
The term glanders is employed to express one of the 
forms of tubercular disease in the horse. 
It is hereditary, arising in most instances from internal 
taint, excited by certain influences, more especially those 
opposed to a vigorous habit of body, such as imperfect 
nourishment, improper diet, deficiency of fresh air and ex¬ 
ercise, large evacuations supervening on various diseased 
states, exposure to cold and wet, change from well ventilated 
to foul stables, severe catarrh, over-exertion, and the absorp¬ 
tion of the virus through the cuticle. Any cause of consti¬ 
tutional exhaustion continued, may generate glanders in 
almost any horse. 
The symptoms of glanders are various, which must always 
be the case in tubercular disease affecting so many different 
parts. The ordinary appearances are a continuous discharge 
from one or both nostrils, with or without enlargement of the 
submaxillary glands, or ulceration of the Schneiderian mem¬ 
brane; which discharge is generally unaccompanied by any 
disturbance of the circulation, a marked characteristic of 
this formidable disease. 
Its duration depends on circumstances, and the parts 
affected. In some cases a deposit of tubercular masses 
takes place in the lungs from constitutional causes, indepen¬ 
dent of inflammatory disease, or any previous disturbance of 
the circulatory system. In other cases, the deposit of 
tubercles may be the immediate consequence of active in¬ 
flammation, giving rise to the regular scrofulous phthisis 
