30 
I have observed the moths on two occasions, the same day that 
they issued from the chrysalis, .June *20, 1861, at Murphysboro, 
Illinois, and -June 21, 22 and 23, 1875, at Carbondale, Illinois. In 
the latter year those observed were not reared by me, but were in 
their natural condition in my door yard and were the first to issue. 
I had watched the worms which, as elsewhere remarked, were acting 
the roll of the Cut-worm. The dead grass (killed by them) marked 
the exact area where they had entered the ground. On the 21st of 
June one only was seen to fly from the spot. Watching more care¬ 
fully next evening (22) I had the pleasure of seeing a number 
crawling up the grass stems with their wings yet damp and not 
fully expanded. The same thing was repeated the evening of the 
23d. After this I ceased my observations and hence cannot say 
how long they continued to issue. 
We may therefore assume that June 20 is about the earliest date 
at which the moths of the first brood begin to appear here. Count¬ 
ing back sixty-one days we have the date when the eggs were 
deposited—April 20th—which corresponds almost exactly with the 
date supposed from the first appearance of the larvae in 1861. It 
agrees also very well with the earliest captures of moths in 1878, 
1879 and 1880. 
Assuming eighteen days as the difference in time between the 
first and last deposit of the brood, and we have as the time of 
depositing in this latitude from April 20th to May 8th. Then, 
according to the estimated life of the individual as heretofore given, 
the resulting moths of this brood would deposit their eggs between 
the 6th and 24th of July, and the larvae would enter the pupa state 
between the 20th of August and 7th of September. If transformed 
the same season, they would appear as moths between the 6th and 
24th of September. These are evidently the ones seen in this sec¬ 
tion and in the latitude of St. Louis in October. 
We would have then the third brood of moths, unless those 
appearing in April are those of the second brood which have hiber¬ 
nated in this state. This point will be discussed hereafter. 
Suppose that this third brood of moths, that is to say the. moths 
of the second brood of worms, all issue from the pupae instead of 
the pupae wintering over, and let us calculate what would be the 
result. Their eggs would be deposited between the 21st of Septem¬ 
ber and 9th of October, the worms hatched between the 6th and 
24th of October and the larvae become full grown between the 6th 
and 24th of November. 
These calculations, as will be seen, are based upon the facts 
ascertained in reference to the first brood, the average life of the 
insect in its different stages being taken. To assume a shorter time 
is to select one or two isolated cases in order to sustain a precon¬ 
ceived theory. The evidence in reference to duration of the second 
brood is very imperfect and unsatisfactory, yet so far as it goes it 
indicates a longer individual life than has been here assumed, which 
brings out the moths of the second brood between the 6th and 24th 
of September in this latitude. The earliest captures given of the 
moths from the second brood of worms (except possibly one) are in 
