31 
October. Prof. Riley notes the capture of two females in Septem¬ 
ber, time not given, which he says had the eggs fully developed, 
and as his ow T n reasoning shows, he believed were from the first 
brood of worms. In his ninth report he states that by diligent 
search out doors he “found larvae of different sizes all through 
August, and a few full grown individuals as late as the 23d of Sep¬ 
tember.” Those I observed at Carbondale, Ills., were seen between 
the 15th and 20th of September, probably soon after the 15th, and 
as heretofore stated were fully growm. Now it is evident these 
could not have developed into moths before the 8th or 10th of Octo¬ 
ber, which would agree very well with the dates of captures in 
October given above. From these facts we are led to believe that 
the life of the second brood is somewhat longer than that of the 
Spring generation. 
From these facts, we believe we are justified in concluding that 
it is impossible for a third brood of worms to be produced, which 
shall pass the winter, in this State, as Prof. Riley assumes, in his 
articles of 1880. Either, first, the greater portion of the pupae of 
the second generation must hibernate, the small number of moths 
that issue either dying or living through the winter; or, second, if 
the moths issue generally, they deposit. eggs, which remain over 
until spring and then hatch. We might ‘assume, as a third pos¬ 
sible solution, that the moths issue generally and hibernate. As 
opposed to the last two suppositions, are the following facts: First, 
that so few captures of moths have been made in October; second, 
that only two or three specimens, at most, have been taken in the 
winter, notwithstanding the fact that in December we often have 
very pleasant and comparatively warm weather, in this region. So 
far as I am aware, not a single winter capture, in Illinois or Mis¬ 
souri, has been recorded; ‘ that of November 10th, which I record, 
being the latest. 
That the armies seen here in April and May do not pass the 
winter in the larval state, is evident from their small size when first 
seen; nor could their predecessors have passed the winter in this 
state, as this would require them to come out from their winter re¬ 
treat about the first of March, or earlier. 
The view advanced by Prof. Riley, in 1876 and 1877, which w 7 as 
but a slight modification of the view we have long held, we believe 
to be the true one: that in this latitude, some of the individuals of 
the second generation are transformed into moths, and in this state 
pass the winter, wdiile the greater portion of the brood hibernate as 
pupae. We think that, really, but few of the moths that come out 
live through the winter, though it is possible a few do. 
In reference to the latitude of central New York, Massachusetts, 
and the extreme northern part of Illinois, the facts are somewhat 
difficult to explain in accordance with what we have found to be 
the case in southern Illinois and the region of St. Louis. But, re¬ 
taining our estimate of the time the insect exists in its different 
stages, which we believe is substantially correct, and evidently not 
too great, let us apply it to the data we have relating to this more 
northern latitude, and see w r hat the result will be, and if found cor¬ 
rect, accept it, whether it agrees with preconceived theories or not. 
