18 
THE PUPA. 
The Pupa is usually a shining, dark chestnut-red, or 
mahogany, color, about three-quarters of an inch in 
length, the wing-pads reaching back over two-thirds of 
Fig. 4.—l. uni- the body ; at the tip of the abdomen there are two 
puncta pupa. small spines, curving slightly inward. Those of the 
first brood remain in this state from fifteen to twenty days, at 
the end of which time the moth appears. Those of the fall brood, 
if they hibernate in the chrysalis state, do not, as a matter of 
course, appear as moths until the following Spring; but of this w T e 
will speak more fully hereafter. 
THE MOTH. 
The general color of the upper side of the moth is dark fawn, 
varying from light to brown. The antennae are slender, with very 
minute serrations on the under side; about half the length of the 
body; the palpi thickly covered with hair, except at the tip; eyes 
large, round and covered with very short, microscopic hairs; a little 
tuft of upright hairs on the neck or collar; thorax very robust, with 
a depressed tuft, consisting of a double series of hairs; the first 
series forming a transverse ridge just in front of the wings—this 
series of hairs is short, reaching back on the other scarcely to the 
middle of the base of the fore-wings; second series extending back 
over the thorax, but parting in the middle; abdomen stout, taper¬ 
ing ; length of entire body to the tip of the abdomen varying from 
.70 to .90 inch. Front wings rather narrow; the front margin slightly 
arched or curved near the tip; the outer margin straight near the 
apex, but rounding from the middle to the inner margin, so as 
nearly to obliterate the inner angle, which is very obtusely rounded; 
width of the wing at the inner angle a little more than double the 
width at the base; expanse usually about one inch and three-quar¬ 
ters, but varying from 1.5 to 1.9 inches. Hind-wings triangular; apex 
slightly docked; outer margin with two slight undulations; width 
across the angles about equal the length. Head and thorax grayish- 
brown, varying in different specimens from ash-gray to dark-fawn 
or even brown; in good, fresh specimens the transverse ridge of the 
thorax is marked by a paler line, bordered above (behind) by a nar¬ 
row, dark line; front wings above, varying from a fawn to a dull- 
browrn: a small white dot, with dark surroundings, near the center; 
a slender, dark line running along the middle from the base to this 
dot; usually an oblique, dark streak near the outer margin; pep¬ 
pered over with scattering, minute black dots, two transverse rows 
more distinct, one a short distance from and another along the outer 
margin. Hind-wings pale at the base, dark toward the apex and 
outer margin; veins dark, but very variable; in some specimens 
entire w T ings dark fuscous, in others almost silvery white; under¬ 
side of fore-wings paler than above, especially along the inner and 
outer margin, the middle portion often clouded with fuscous; hind- 
wings paler beneath, usually with a transverse row of dark dots 
near the parallel with the outer margin; abdomen grayish above; 
light fawn color beneath. 
