8 
any other stages of its growth. This statement has remained up to 
this time unchallenged, and has been received as conclusive. Jus¬ 
tice to a faithful worker in economic entomology, who no longer 
lives to claim his own rights, demands that this statement be cor¬ 
rected. In an article prepared for the Agricultural Report of Ohio 
for the year 1855, Mr. J. Kirkpatrick makes the following statement: 
“Last season (1855), in consequence of the heavy rains in the 
early part of June, the flats of the Cuyahogo were flooded. After 
the subsidence of the water, and while the grass was yet coated 
with the muddy deposit, myriads of small blackish caterpillars ap¬ 
peared ; almost every blade had its inhabitant, no animal could feed 
upon it without at every bite swallowing several; if a new blade 
sprung up it was immediately devoured, but what was most re¬ 
markable, the insects did not attempt to remove to land a foot or 
two higher, but that had not been covered by the water. When 
nearly full grown, I removed about twenty individuals, and placed 
them in a well aired and glazed box, and by this means I had a 
very favorable opportunity to observe their habits and changes. 
The caterpillar, when full grown, is two inches in length, of a 
blackish grey, the grey being formed by whitish lines running parallel 
with each other the length of the body, two lateral lines, the upper 
having a yellowish center, the lower a red one; with 16 legs. Its 
method of eating is to strip the entire leaf from the midrib, and it 
will do so very rapidly. I supplied my specimens with different 
kinds of grass, all taken from high land, and they ate all, and this 
was the more remarkable from the non-removal of their own ac¬ 
cord from the once flooded meadows, even when their food gave 
out. During the few days that I had them, their numbers rapidly 
decreased until only some four or five were left, and as I made 
minute examination of the box and found no remains, I came to 
the conclusion that the stronger had devoured the weaker, and yet 
during this whole time they had a superabundance of food that they 
seemed to relish. When fully grown, they entered the ground, 
changing to a light brown pupa; that became darker in a few days, 
and at the end of two weeks emerged a light brownish colored moth, 
with a small silvery mark in the center of the anterior wings, the 
posterior pair darker, edged with a lighter tint, the thorax crested; 
extent of wings nearly two inches, no apparent difference between 
the sexes and belong to the family Noctuidae, but I am not sure to 
what genus.” 
It is evident from what is here stated, that these worms, although 
not marching, were Army-worms, as the description of the moth 
proves, when taken in connection with what is said of the worms 
and chrysalis, that it was the Leucania unipuncta. To Mr. Kirk¬ 
patrick, therefore, belongs the credit of having first reared the 
species from the larval to the perfect state, though he failed to de¬ 
termine its specific name. 
In 1861 it was traced to the perfect state by Mr. B. D. Walsh, 
of Rock Island, Mr. Emery, of the Prairie Farmer, Col. John 
Daugherty, of Jonesboro, Mr. Bartlett, of Champaign county, and 
myself in Illinois, and by Dr. Asa Fitch in New York. But to Dr. 
Fitch, as Mr. Walsh remarks, “we western ‘bug hunters’ are ex- 
