THE ARMY WORM. 
iy written in reference to this 
q/ insect that it may appear 
superfluous to add anything 
y? at this time to the literature 
° of the subject. But the 
earlier articles, brought out 
chiefly by its appearance in 
such vast numbers in 1861, 
So much has already been 
Fig. 1.—Army Worm Moth. Leucania unipuneta. contained mostly in peri¬ 
odicals, and are not only inaccessible to the people, but appear to 
have been almost entirely overlooked by those who have written 
more recently upon the subject. For this reason, and the fact that 
it occasionally proves very injurious in Illinois, I have concluded to 
devote an article in this report to its history, habits and descrip¬ 
tion, together with such suggestions as to remedial measures as I 
deem of most importance. 
As there are yet, and have been since the study of the species 
commenced, in 1861, radical differences of opinion among entomol¬ 
ogists in reference to certain points in its life history, I have thought 
it best to review, somewhat at length, these different opinions, cor¬ 
recting them where subsequent investigations have shown them to be 
clearly erroneous, and discussing those in regard to which there are 
yet different views, or that are yet in doubt." 
That much is yet to be learned in reference to it, is apparent 
from the fact that the number of broods in the different latitudes ' 
in which it is found is still a subject of doubt and discussion; the 
method of hibernating in these different sections is still unascer¬ 
tained with anything like satisfactory certainty; the conditions nec¬ 
essary to and causes of its occasional development in such vast 
armies have not been satisfactorily determined; and lastly, we may 
add that the cause of its marching at times when, as is now known, 
its normal habits are those of an ordinery cut-worm, is yet a mys¬ 
tery. 
It is true, speculation in reference to these points has been freely 
indulged in, and theories apparently satisfactory to the authors ad¬ 
vanced, but these are still theories, and not demonstrated facts. I 
do not flatter myself with the hope that I shall he able, at this 
time, to settle conclusively the disputed points of the insect’s life 
history, or that the additional facts I herewith present will dispel 
the mystery surrounding it. The most I expect to be able to accom¬ 
plish is, by bringing together, in a condensed form, the facts ascer¬ 
tained in reference to the species up to the present time, and the 
