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Southern Michigan, I found I could often tell the early from the 
late-sown wheat for long distances, the former looking like oat- 
plants after a hard frost, the latter appearing green and healthy. 
Often in the same field the line of demarkation was very distinct.” 
The following newspaper extracts bear upon this subject: 
“Perhaps the most effectual remedy, or rather preventive, is late 
sowing. No wheat should be sown in localities where they have 
already appeared, or in districts adjoining, until September 15, and 
if it is deferred until the 20th it would be all the better. Repeated 
rolling is said to destroy some of the larvae, and burning the 
stubble, where practicable, would certainly destroy many, and thus 
prevent so great devastation of the succeeding crop. The great 
either objection to rolling or burning is that it destroys both friend 
and foe alike. 
“Great care should always he used in destroying all noxious 
insects lest we also destroy the beneficial ones, the chief of which 
are the Ichneumon and Chalcis flies. In the counties of Yates, 
Seneca, Tompkins and Cayuga, where the Hessian-flies have al¬ 
ready made their appearance, it would appear wiser to fit the 
ground perfectly, apply extra fertilizers, and sow late, rather than 
run any risk or trust to any methods of destruction. If all infested 
and contiguous districts would sow late enough so that the wheat 
would not appear above ground before September 25, I believe the 
fly could he effectually starved out.”—[I. P. Roberts, Professor of 
Agriculture, Cornell University, in the Rural New Yorker, September 
8, 1877. 
“By the attacks of this (the second or spring) brood of worms, 
the lower joints of wheat are weakened, and as soon as the head 
is formed, and the growth is heavy, the weakened joints give way 
and the wheat falls over, or, as it is commonly expressed, it 
“crinkles.” If but few larvae are at work, there will be some 
kernels of grain in the heads thus affected, but they will be more 
or less shrunken. If the insects are plenty, the head seldom “fills,” 
and the field looks as if cattle or something else had passed through 
it, tangling up and throwing down the straw in every direction. 
“There are thus two generations of the Hessian-fly each year, 
one of which subsists and may be always found at the crown of the 
roots, and the other at some joint above, and never at the root. If 
the wheat could be fed off by sheep in the fall, between the time 
that the eggs are laid and the time of their hatching, this remedy 
would be perfect. Unfortunately, the wheat is then young, and 
farmers do not like to risk thus feeding it off. The only remedy 
left, therefore, is to sow so late that the wheat will not appear 
above ground before October 1. In this case there is the added 
risk of winter-killing, because the plants have not time enough to 
get well rooted before winter. On well-drained, rich land this danger 
is greatly prevented, and therefore late sowing and thorough farm¬ 
ing seem to be the only available means yet discovered to avoid 
great losses from the ravages of the Hessian-fly. Fortunately the 
parasitic enemies of the fly increase rapidly, and after a year or 
two of great losses from this insect its numbers are reduced so 
much as scarcely to be noticed for some years .”—[Chicago Tribune . 
