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results: During the fall the wheat on the gravelly part started 
quicker, and when winter set in looked better, the fly doing no 
appreciable damage to any part of the field; but in the spring, 
when the wheat had apparently reached about six inches in 
height, that on the gravel commenced turning yellow at the roots, 
and from tnat time forward grew thinner and most beautifully 
less until harvest, when I cut it with a mower and raked it with 
a wheel-rake, getting about as much straw as farmers generally 
get from raking a like amount of ordinary wheat stubble. On 
the remaining part of the field the wheat was good, no noticeable 
damage being done by the fly. A few years previous to this I 
knew of a field of spring wheat that was almost entirely destroyed 
by the Hessian-fly, less wheat being harvested than was sown. 
It is generally conceded that there are two crops, or hatchings, 
of the fly during the growth of the wheat; the first in the fall 
and working until frost comes; the second in the spring, and con¬ 
tinuing its depredations until harvest. Late sowing is generally 
recommended as a preventive. Why should it be so? How do 
you account for the fly working in wheat growing on warm 
gravelly land, while that on the moist soil escaped harm? If, as 
above assumed, there are two crops of insects hatched per year, 
how does late sowing prevent their depredations? And how can 
you account for the loss of the spring wheat crop mentioned? 
Where was the first or small crop hatched, and where did the 
flies remain until spring? Fresh lime is recommended as pre¬ 
venting the ravages of this pest; can you tell me at what par¬ 
ticular time, spring or fall, the lime should be sown to cause 
the greatest destruction of the fly? Any information from the 
club on this subject will be thankfully received.” 
J. S. VanDuzer: “It must not be assumed that the flies which 
damaged the spring wheat were hatched in that field; the parent 
flies may have come from a distant field.” 
President Hoffman: “To my mind, the case is easily explained, 
so far as the spring wheat is concerned. The fly is migratory. We 
are told by those who have studied its habits, that it flies over dis¬ 
tricts as much as twenty miles in breadth, in the course of the 
year. 
“The writer furnishes the explanation of the greater damage done 
by the fly on his gravelly land. There, the wheat came earlier, and 
was therefore in condition to receive the deposit of eggs, while the 
more backward wheat was not. It accords with the theory that late 
sowing is a measure of prevention against the ravages of the fly. 
I had, last fall, an illustration of the protection afforded by late 
sowing. On a small piece I wanted to sow wheat after wheat. Be¬ 
fore plowing the stubble the volunteer crop had made a growth of 
perhaps six inches. In examining one of the plants I found twenty- 
five of the larvae. In many others there were a dozen or more. I 
destroyed this growth by thorough cultivation, and after proper 
fitting sowed the seed. In the plants that came from the late sow¬ 
ing there were very few larvae; they came too late to receive the 
eggs. It is well known that the fly deposits the eggs on the leaves 
of the wheat, and that its work ceases after some frosts come. The 
late sowing brings the growth too late for the fly. The fly which 
