232 
4. By sowing a part of the wheat early, and if affected by the 
fly, plowing and sowing the rest after September 20, the wheat crop 
may in most cases be saved. It should be remembered that the 
first brood should be thus circumvented or destroyed in order that 
a second, or spring, brood may not appear. 
5. If the wheat be only partially affected, it may be saved by 
fertilizers and careful cultivation; or a badly damaged field of win¬ 
ter wheat may thus be recuperated in the spring. 
6. Pasturing with sheep, and consequent close cropping of the 
winter wheat in November and early December, may cause many 
of the eggs, larvae and flaxseeds to be destroyed; also, rolling the 
ground may have nearly the same effect. 
7. Sowing hardy varieties. The Underhill Mediterranean wheat, 
and especially the Lancaster variety, which tillers vigorously, should 
be sown in preference to the slighter, less vigorous kinds in a 
region much infested by the fly. The early (August) sown wheat 
might be Diehl; the late sown, Lancaster or Clawson. 
8. Of special remedies, the use of lime, soot or salt may he 
recommended, also raking off the stubble; but too close cutting of 
the wheat and burning the stubble are of doubtful use, as this de¬ 
stroys the useful parasites as well as the flies. 
