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Intestinal Protozoa in Termites 
important questions regarding morphology, physiology, systematics, etc., 
still remain either insufficiently studied or almost untouched. Having myself 
been occupied for some years past with these interesting organisms, har¬ 
boured by three species of termites in Japan proper and Formosa, and having 
made observations which seem to be of some interest, I propose in this paper 
to describe the chief results of my studies. 
It was at the Government Institute for Infectious Diseases (Director: 
Professor S. Kitasato) in Tokyo that my studies were begun. After nearly 
a year, my post was changed to the Institute of Science, Government of 
Formosa, where my studies were continued for nearly two years. An account 
of my work, written in Japanese, has already been published in the Govern¬ 
ment Report of the Committee for the study of damage done by termites 
(1916 and 1917). I intended to publish a detailed report in English, but 
have been prevented from doing so until now. The publication of this paper 
has been rendered possible, owing to the unusual kindness of Mr Clifford 
Dobell, F.R.S., in improving my manuscript and preparing it for the press. He 
also made it possible for me to consult all the literature and gave me much 
valuable advice. This, together with my further studies made after the 
appearance of the first report, makes this paper differ in several respects from 
the original. Had it not been for Mr Dobell’s hearty help, the present paper 
would have remained as an imperfect manuscript for some time longer. I 
therefore express my warmest thanks to Mr Dobell for his kindness. I have 
also to acknowledge my indebtedness to the staffs of the Institute for In¬ 
fectious Diseases of Tokyo and the Institute of Science of Formosa, for their 
assistance during the course of my work, and to the Medical Research Council 
for affording me laboratory accommodation and aid which enabled me to 
complete my studies in London. 
PART I. DESCRIPTIVE. 
1. HISTORICAL REVIEW. 
The first author who mentioned the peculiar intestinal protozoa of termites 
was apparently Lespes (1856), who found “ Infusoria ’ in Leucotermes lucifugus. 
In two papers, which appeared in 1877 and 1881, Leidy gave the first detailed 
descriptions of three forms which he had discovered in Termes flavipes of 
North America, referring them to three genera, viz. Trichonympha, Pyrso- 
nympha, and Dinenympha. A very short note by Seip (1881), recording that 
he had found organisms like those described in Leidy’s paper (1877) in 
termites of New Jersey, appeared shortly afterwards. In 1885 appeared 
Saville Kent’s short paper dealing with species found in a Tasmanian termite, 
and also with the forms studied by Leidy. Subsequently Grassi and his co¬ 
workers made valuable contributions to the advancement of our knowledge 
of the group. After publishing several short notes in 1885, 1888, and 1892, 
in a famous work on the termites published in 1893 conjointly with Sandias, 
