M. KOIDZUMI 
257 
In fixed preparations the ball is very feebly stained by iron-haematoxylin, 
but the wall of the tubular column is stained deeply, while its contents stain 
very feebly or not at all. The outer surface of the tubular column is stained in¬ 
tensely, and a granular appearance is here recognizable in some specimens. The 
boundary of the outer and the inner layers in the bell is also stained deeply, 
and shows a granular appearance. The inner layer appears quite the same as 
the corresponding layer in Trichonympha , in fresh specimens as well as in 
stained preparations. It cannot be doubted that the flagella of the nipple 
arise from the above-mentioned deeply stainable zone lying immediately on 
the surface of the axis, and those of the bell from the similar zone at the 
base of the outer layer. 
It may be added here that the descriptions of the anterior region in the 
species studied by Grassi and Hartmann do not agree with mine. According 
to Hartmann, in the Brazilian species, the column and the body at the top 
are both solid, and the latter is not spherical but hemispherical, lying on the 
flat surface of the anterior end of the column. In the African and the 
Australian species, Grassi describes both structures as hollow, filled with 
liquid. As regards the layers surrounding the axial core in the nipple and 
those in the wall of the bell, moreover, the descriptions of these species do 
not agree with mine. According to Hartmann, there is no layer corresponding 
to the inner layer, both in the nipple and in the bell. That is to say, the axis 
of the nipple of “Trichonym'pha hertwigi ” is directly surrounded by a layer 
corresponding to the outer layer of Trichonympha, just as in our species, but 
the wall of the bell consists also of a single layer, thus differing from our 
species. Grassi, on the other hand, distinguishes two layers, both in the 
nipple and in the bell, and he believes that the flagella arise at the base of 
the inner layer. I am not quite certain whether or not such differences really 
exist between these species, but I doubt the accuracy of the authors’ observa¬ 
tions as regards some of the above details. 
The entire posterior region of the body is covered by fine flagella densely 
distributed, excepting only over a small portion at the posterior extremity. 
They are of almost uniform length over the whole surface, measuring 16-20p. 
They are arranged in numerous rows, giving the body an appearance as if it 
were beautifully striped. Forming the body wall there is one distinct layer, 
measuring about 2 p, in thickness. It exists from the edge of the bell to the 
posterior end, but becomes extremely thin over the small bare area at the 
hinder extremity. The layer is of the same structure as the basal part of the 
outer layer of the bell, and at the edge of the bell it can be clearly made out 
that the two are continuous. The basal granules of the flagella are localized 
at the base of the layer, where a distinct zone of other minute granules, deeply 
stainable with iron-haematoxylin, is recognizable. The basal portions of the 
flagella, being embedded in rows in this layer, appear to form a kind of band 
or plate. The rows of flagella are arranged spirally, uniformly separated by 
some 2 /x in the middle region, but becoming gradually closer towards the 
Parasitology xni 17 
