401 
Gk H. F. Nutt all 
first described the liver fluke. In his work of 1668 he lists and figures Pediculi 
and Acari parasitic on birds and mammals. Guiart (1898, v. infra) has deter¬ 
mined many of the helminths studied by Redi and from the list he (G.) gives 
it is clear that in his pioneer treatise on parasitology Redi includes the prin¬ 
cipal types of each group. He also turned his attention to scabies in which 
Bonome and Cestoni of Livorno discovered Sarcoptes to be the cause. Redi re¬ 
commended red mercurial ointment for the treatment of scabies, the applica¬ 
tion to be continued for some days after apparent recovery. Guiart lists 58 
species of determinable Cestodes, Trematodes and Nematodes, 3 sp. of Acan- 
thocephali, several species of Acari (ticks, itch-mites, etc.) and Insects (Hypo- 
derma, Oestrus, Cephenomyia, and many species of Pediculidae) described and 
figured by Redi. 
His most important parasitological publication (1684) is entitled '“Osser- 
vazioni intorno agli animali viventi, che si trovano negli animali viventi ’ 
Firenze. See also: (1687) “Osservazioni intorno a’ Pellicelli del corpo umano' 5 
Firenze, containing a letter by Giovancosimo Bonome to Redi, revised and 
added to by Redi prior to its publication; this deals with scabies. (1668) 
“Esperienze intorno alia Generazione degl’ Insetti” Firenze. 
An admirable biography of Redi by Guiart will be found in Arch, de 
Parasitologie, 1898, i. 420-441, with portrait and figures of the portrait medal 
(1684), etc. There were four medals struck in Redi’s honour in 1677, 1684 and 
1685, whilst his portrait was executed by van Kaathoven. A portrait was 
hung in the City Hall of Arezzo in 1699. The Index Catalogue of the Surgeon 
General's Library , Washington, 1st ser., xi. 1090, gives the following bio¬ 
graphical references: Gazz. Med. di Milano, 1847, vi. 213, 265; Gazz. Med. 
publ. Napoli, 1875, vi. 161-174. 
Carolus Linnaeus 
1707-1778. 
(Portrait-plate III, following II.) 
Linnaeus was born 23 May, 1707 (n.s.), at Rashult, Sweden, and died 10 
January, 1778, at Upsala, where he lies buried in the Cathedral. He studied 
at Lund and at Upsala, and in 1741 became professor of medicine at Upsala, 
but soon after changed over to the chair of botany. His interests became 
centred in botany at an early age. His famous Systema Naturae appeared in 
1735, the 10th edition of the Systema Naturae (Regnum Animale), which 
appeared in 1758, represents the foundation stone of modern zoological nomen¬ 
clature. As the consecutive editions of this work appeared, they contained 
lists of scientific names that grew in length. In his Olandska och Gothldndska 
Resa (1745) the index shows the first employment of specific names, thus 
ushering in the binomial nomenclature which we use to-day. He systematised 
the three kingdoms of nature and even drew up a treatise on Genera Mor- 
borum. A great many parasitic helminths first appear under their scientific 
