402 
Notes on Portrait-plates 
names in Linnaeus’s edition of 1788. Apart from his having brought order 
out of chaos, Linnaeus evolved a method of giving terse descriptions which 
recorded the salient characters of animals and plants and greatly facilitated 
the differentiation of species. His lectures at Upsala attracted many students 
from different parts of the world. In 1753 he was created Knight of the Polar. 
Star (figured in our portrait), this being the first time that a scientific man 
had been so honoured. He was raised to the nobility in 1761 and thereafter 
styled himself Baron Car] von Linne. 
Biographical notices of Linnaeus will be found in most of the dictionaries 
and encyclopedias. For bibliography see Stiles and Hassall’s Index Catal. of 
Med. and Veter. Zool., Washington. 
Carl de Geer 
1720-1778. 
(Portrait-plate IV, follows III.) 
De Geer was born 1720 and died 8 March, 1778, at Stockholm, Sweden. Of 
Dutch extraction, he was destined for a political life, but he turned to science. 
Possessed of great wealth, he consecrated a part thereof to good works—by 
helping, in the public interest, to repair inundated mines that put many 
miners out of employment. He became Court Marshal to the King of Sweden 
and Commander of the Order of Vasa. He made extensive collections which he 
left to the Stockholm Academy of Sciences. 
His main work, Mem. pour servir d VJiist. des Insectes, in 8 vols., 4°, 
appeared in 1752-1778 in Stockholm. To parasitologists his name will be 
familiar in connection with Acari and parasitic insects of which he founded 
many species. 
A good biography will be found in Biographie universelle ancienne et 
moderne , redigee par une societe de gens des lettres, etc., Paris, 1816, vol. xn. 
p. 19. More details are obtainable in Svenska V etenskapsakademiens Hand- 
linger 1779, which contains the memorial speech by Bergmann (in Swedish). 
These references were kindly given to me by Dr E. Nordenskiold (Stockholm), 
who helped me to obtain the photograph we reproduce of de Geer’s portrait, 
which hangs in Stockholm Academy of Sciences. 
Karl Asmund Rudolphi 
1771-1832. 
(Portrait-plate V, facing p. 192.) 
Rudolphi was born 14 July, 1771, at Stockholm, Sweden. In 1790 he went 
to Greifswald to pursue his studies in medicine and natural science. He took 
the degrees of Ph.D. (1793) and M.D. (1795) at Greifswald, both of his dis¬ 
sertations for these degrees relating to Entozoa. He became Privatdocent in 
the Philosophical (1793) and Medical (1795) Faculties at Greifswald, and 
