1862.] 
Ancient Javanese . "Remains. 
25 
in plan, with porches on all four sides making it cruciform ; three of 
these porches forming separate chapels, and the fourth, (that to the 
east), an entrance. Mr. Oldham will remember that these words 
describe many of the temples that we have explored together in 
Burma, most accurately. The lower part, to a height of 7 or 8 feet, 
was occupied by rich and bold base mouldings, much injured, and 
above this was the level of the entrance, reached by steps. There 
were no images remaining within, but on the northern and southern 
sides were the remains of sculptured standing figures holding lotuses 
apparently, and over the door of one side was a small figure of 
Buddha. The exterior faces were adorned with highly decorated 
niches, each surmounted by the grinning head so often spoken of, 
and a canopy in relief representing an architectural facade. Above 
this was a very heavy and rich double cornice in great dilapidation 
the lower cornice supported by a frieze of little human figures, Atlas¬ 
like, bearing it on their hands. The interior was a chamber of about 
26 feet square roofed in by the usual false vault in the way shown in 
the section there were here traces of a fine coat of plaster which 
evidently had at one time covered the whole of the building, and 
was found even on some of those points which were most richly 
sculptured, such as the fine scroll work on the pilasters at the angles. 
This is a very singular feature, and I have little doubt that it was 
universal in these buildings. The use of lime is entirely rejected as 
a cement in the joints of the building, but adopted as a coating to 
the most elaborate surfaces of stone-work. Exactly the same was 
the case at Pagan, only admirable brick-work was there substituted 
for stone. If the object was the preservation of the building, it is 
difficult to understand why the stones should not have been laid with 
mortar. We know that even the sculptured cave-walls of Ellora 
and Ajunta have been similarly coated with plaster, and that there 
it was to give a ground for colouring. Probably the object here was 
the same. 
* Fig. 12. There is, I find, a description of this temple, with a plan and sec¬ 
tion in ftaifl.es, but no view. It is by Captain G-. Baker whom Raffles employed to 
draw and survey the remains, and I may mention that he seems to have accepted 
all the ignorant talk of the sepoys who were with him as authoritative, and 
consequently has misleading descriptions of the figures as representing Krishna, 
Sita, &c. The figure which he calls Sita appears to be the small Buddha over 
the door ; and the whole building appears to have been purely Buddhist. 
