1862.] A Memoir on the living Asiatic Species of Rhinoceros. 153 
upon that continent (in which case the 4 Great Indian’ and the 
1 Lesser Indian’ might be deemed sufficiently appropriate; as the 
range of the * Asiatic two-horned’ does not extend to India proper* 
which of course comprises Bengal but not Burma). The existence of 
an African one-horned Rhinoceros was long ago affirmed by James 
Bruce of Kinnaird, in addition to the two-horned species which he 
pretended to figure j* and Sir Andrew Smith assured me that he had 
been repeatedly told by natives that such an animal occurred in the 
regions northward of the tropic of Capricorn. In the Comptes Ren - 
dus, tom. XXVI (1848), p. 281, an elaborate letter is published 
6 Sur l’existence cl’une espece Unicorne de Rhinoceros dans la partie 
tropicale de l’Afrique,’ from Mons. F. Fresnel, then Consul of 
France at Jidda (‘ Djedda’), to which the reader, curious on the 
subject, is referred. 
* Bruce’s figure of the Abyssinian Rhinoceros, it is well known, is a reversed 
copy of Buffon’s representation of true Ru. indicus, with a second horn added.— 
Dr. Riippell ascertained the species to be Ru. afcicanijs, the ordinary * Black 
Rhinoceros’ of S. Africa. The earliest-published genuine figure of this animal 
is that in the Supplement to BufFou’s work ; but certainly the most spirited as 
well as correct pictorial representations, alike of the Rhinoceroses and of various 
other animals of Africa, are given by modem sporting travellers, as Cornwallis 
Harris, and especially C. J. Andersson. By a slip of the pen, the latter writer 
alludes to Rhinoceroses in the island of Ceylon ! As even Humboldt referred 
to the Tiger of Ceylon in his Asie Centrale ! 
There are capital figures of some of the arctic animals, also, in Mr. J. 
Lamont’s ‘ Seasons with the Sea Horses’ ( 1861 ) ; among the rest, of the Spitz- 
bergen Deer, represented with well-developed vertical brow-plates to their horns 
(vide J. A. Si XXIX, 376). The question about the development of these Deer, 
as compared with those of Lapland, (mooted lor. cit ., p. 382,) is elucidated by 
Mr. Lamont, who states that—“ They do not grow to such a large size as the 
tame Rein Deer of Lapland, nor are their horns quite so fine ; but, they attain 
to a most extraordinary degree of condition. For further details, vide his 
extremely interesting volume. However, I may remark that in all his figures of 
Rein Deer the brow-plate is represented as being well-developed upon each 
horn ; whereas I suspect that it is, generally, only rudimentary upon one 
of the pair; this, how'ever, is probably a mistake on the part of the litho¬ 
grapher ! 
In further reference to the article alluded to, in which I commented upon the 
late Professor Isidore St. H ilaire’s remarks upon domestic animals,-and con¬ 
tended that we do not owe the domestication of the Turkey to the Spanish 
invaders of America, (a most unlikely people to have accomplished anything of 
the kind,) I may remark, that so completely familiar had this fowl become in 
Shakespere’s time, that its then almost recent introduction into Europe had 
already been forgotten ; for the great bard of Avon considerably ante-dates the 
existence of Turkeys in England, making it prior to the Spanish discovery of the 
New World! In the first part of the drama of King Henry l\ r , Act II, Sc. 1, one 
of the carriers introduced exclaims—“ ’Odsbody! The turkeys in ray panniers 
are quite starved.” Bug it is not impossible that Sliakespero meant the Guinea- 
fowl ; albeit not very probable: though, in either case, he had ante-dated the 
appearance of the domestic bird in European countries. 
x 2 
