J862.] A Memoir on the living Asiatic Species of Rhinoceros. 165 
less rather improbable, that such an animal as the Tennu may have 
escaped observation there even to this time. But it might not ex¬ 
tend its range into the peninsula (as in the instance of the large 
Siamang Gibbon, which is peculiar to Sumatra); and not very much 
has been accomplished in the investigation of the zoology of the 
great island of Sumatra since the time of Baffles. At all events, 
I think the present opportunity a meet one to reeal the subject to 
notice. 
Baron Cuvier long ago remarked, I think in his Leoons dans VAna¬ 
tomic Comparee. that even then it was not probable that any more 
existing large quadrupeds remained to be discovered : and it is wor¬ 
thy of notice that no remarkable genus of large quadruped has been 
since brought to light, though additional species have been discrimi¬ 
nated of several of the old genera. The small Hippopotamus libe- 
biehsts of the late Dr, Morton is scarcely an exception ; although 
since raised to generic rank by Dr. Leidy, by the name Ciicerop- 
sis. # Of the three genera containing the most bulky of existing land 
quadrupeds, additional species have been distinguished; though, for 
the most part, they may not yet be universally accepted. Of Ele- 
phas, the E. sumatranus, Temminck and Schlegel (to which Sir 
J. Emerson Tennent refers the Ceylon Elephantf). Of .Rhinoceros, a 
* Journ. Philad. Acadn. s., I, 231, II, 207. 
t The.grinders of Elephas sttmatrantjs are said to be intermediate in form 
to those of the Indian and African species ; and I have just purchased a pair 
of table-weights, formed each of a thick horizontal section of an Elephant’s 
molar-tooth, which seem to me to be of this species. The little boxes formed of 
sections of Elephant’s molars, which are commonly brought from Galle, are (so 
far as I have seen) of the Indian species ; but these are not necessarily from 
Cinghalese individuals. It is worthy of remark, however, that whilst among the 
Elephants of Sumatra and Borneo fine tuskers would appear to be common (and 
the ivory is an article of export from both islands, as I ran assured by a gentle¬ 
man who has collected, the article in Borneo), they are exceedingly rare among 
the Elephants of Ceylon ; where, nevertheless, it has been suggested that tusk¬ 
ers are so much sought after that they are seldom permitted to develope their 
ivories. 
With reference to Sir J. E. Tennent’s speculation regarding the former con¬ 
tinuity of land between Sumatra and Ceylon—and Africa, of which the inter¬ 
mediate character of the Elephas sumatkanus is one of his presumptive proofs, 
it may be remarked that the two-horned Rhinoceros sumatrantts (with its only 
slight skin-folds) interposes a link between the two-horned and smooth-skinned 
African mid the single-horned and mail-clad Asian species ; but (not to allude 
further to the alleged existence of a single-horned African species) the presence 
of the second horn in Rh. sumatrantts is muqh less remarkable, when w^e bear 
in mind the several fossil two-horned species of Europe and Asia, to which 
moreover the existing two-horned Asiatic Rhinoceros is much more nearly akin 
than it is to the different African two-horned species, as before remarked. 
