1862.] An account of Upper and Lower Suwdt. 253 
Giijars, called the JBanddahs of the Gujaran, one of which is Sar- 
banddah, inhabited by about fifty families. It is close beneath the 
mountain of Sar-dzaey, the barrier closing the extremity of the 
valley to the north. The three villages contain, altogether, about 
six hundred houses. 
A short distance to the south of Sar-banddah, there is a marshy, 
meadow-like plain of some extent, probably about fifteen jaribs of 
land. # This is called Jal-gah. This term is evidently derived 
from Sanskrit and Persian; the first being water, and the 
second a place, “ the place of water or streams.” The rivulets 
issuing from this meadow having collected together, flow downwards 
towards the south ; and this Jal-gah is the source of the Suwat 
river, which, united with the Indus, and the Panjab rivers, at last, 
pours its water from scores of mouths into the mighty ocean at 
Kurrachee, (or more correctly Karachi) in Sindh, after a course of 
some fifteen hundred miles ! 
Flowing south, the stream, called the water of Jal-gah, enters the 
boundary of the Garwi tribe ; and thence flows on to Ut-rorr, which 
lies on its western bank. Thence under the name of the river of 
Ut-rorr it flows down opposite to the entrance of the darah of U'shu 
with its river, lying in a north-easterly direction, and unites with 
that stream near the village of Kalam, also on the western bank. 
Still lower down it receives the river of Clia-yal running through 
the darah or valley of that name, lying in a south-westerly direction, 
near the village of Sha-gram on the western bank. East of the Ut- 
rorr river, as it is termed from Sha-gram downwards, and about half 
a mile lower is the village of Chur-rra’i, where its name again 
changes; and it is then known as the sind ,f or river of Kohistan. 
On reaching the villages of Pfia and Tirataey, it receives the name 
of the Suwat river, having during its course received, little by little, 
the small rivulets on either side. 
At the extreme head of the valley, near the mountain of Sar- 
dzaey there is a Pass leading into Kashkar; another road leads 
through the darah of U'shu, on the eastern side, into Gilgitt ; and 
another leading into Panjkorah through the Cha-yal darah. 
* A jarib of land is sixty yards in length and breadth. 
t A Sanskrit word, used in Pushto. 
