18 
EASHS Bulletin 30(1) 
sound, males make a tick sound. It is 
made with the mouth wide open, lips 
and tongue vibrating. 
Tick, click 
An apparent warning or alarm sound, 
it is a slight, repeated click given upon 
seeing a cat. dog or hearing a bird’s 
alarm call or taped great call Other 
animals become alert or bolt. The 
sound is made with the nostrils flared, 
mouth closed and throat throbbing. 1 
click per three seconds. The animals 
can eat and lick at the same time 
Bleat 
Similar to a sheep's call, this sound is 
made during aggression or when an 
animal is frustrated. It results in the 
retreat of the other animal It is made 
with an open mouth. 
Khan! 
This is an explosive cough, made when 
startled or cornered It was heard when 
escaping from a trap as the door was closed 
Snort 
Like a horse's snort, it is made during 
aggressive or defensive threat, is a 
startle response, or a protest. It is made 
by forcing air through the nose. It was 
made when escaping being caught. 
Blowing 
This is made by exhaling air with the 
mouth slightly open. It is made during 
aggressive interactions or tense 
situations, mostly by the male 
After excitement yelp 
A frequently repeated loud cry, it is 
made after aggressive interaction, after 
the yelper or other individual has 
screeched It is done by only the two 
aduli females and one sub-adult male. 
The animal is stationary, the mouth 
slightly open and the body convulsing 
as if huxupmg 
Tooth grind 
This is produced mostly by the adult 
male in moments of tension. 
Ltpsmark 
Produced mostly by the adult male, it 
is done during aggressive interactions, 
as a reaction to taped screams, or at 
seeing a dog or cat. The tongue flicks 
in and out ai the same time as the lips 
smack. 
Mouthsnap 
Again produced mostly by the adult 
male, it is done during aggressive 
interactions, moments of tension or 
uncertainty, or as a reaction to bird 
alarm calls Often the white hair 
around the inid dorsal gland is erected, 
indicating tension or excitement. Only 
the lips are involved and the sound is 
produced 1-2 tunes per second 
Squawk 
This harsh sound like that of geese, is 
made with the lips retracted It is 
mostly defensive, but is produced 
while moving towards another animal 
in an aggressive manner. The other 
animal usually turns away and departs. 
Growl 
This rumbling sound may be combined 
with a quack and is made when staring 
