prices. Smaller passerine species were captured in tree nets (Figure 7), 
crop or clap traps with or without decoys, (Figure 8), and with bird lime 
(Figure 9). Waders were captured in nets set in water (Figure 10). Some 
of the Bedouins operated PMS mistnets set up in their gardens. The birds 
were brought to a central collecting facility or villa in the same or 
nearby village where they were catalogued, weighed, measured, examined 
for ectoparasites and either banded and released or set aside for 
shipment to the NAMRU-3 laboratory in Cairo. Birds that were banded were 
insofar as possible, aged and sexed on plumage and skull characters, 
marked with an aluminum band bearing the return addresses, ZOO CAIRO UAR 
or GIZA ZOO CAIRO EGYPT, and released in a secluded garden where they 
hopefully avoided immediate recapture. Birds intended for use as 
anatomical or blood specimens were caged by species and sent by truck to 
Cairo three times weekly. In Cairo, the live birds were bled from the 
heart or jugular into a heparinized syringe (since spring 1968) without 
antibiotic; the blood was centrifuged and the supernatant was pipetted 
off and saved deep frozen at -55 to -70°C; since spring 1969 the cell 
residue has also been frozen. During the first two years, blood from 
several specimens of the same species of smaller birds was pooled, but in 
later work individual blood samples were kept separate. 
Ticks and other ectoparasites were collected after routine 
examination. A portion was stored in alcohol for identification and 
taxonomic study at NAMRU-3, while the remainder was identified and deep 
frozen for virus isolation. 
10 
