MILLER : MAMMALS OF ONTARIO. 
7 
correct. The region through which I have traced the Hudsonian 
fauna and flora extends from Nepigon east to White River, a dis¬ 
tance of about 150 miles. 
The forest on the north shore of Lake Superior consists wholly of 
conifers interspersed with aspen and paper birch in the warmer 
drier situations. Spruces and balsams are the most characteristic 
trees, but hemlock and arbor vitae occur in considerable numbers. 
Jack pines ( Pinas divaricata) are abundant as second growth on 
sandy or gravelly tracts where the original forest has been burned. 
Except in sheltered situations where the trees attain their normal 
size the forest has the appearance of that occupying the lower part 
of the 4 timber-line zone ’ on mountain sides. Among the shrubs and 
smaller plants whose southern limit is nearly coincident with the 
lower edge of the Hudsonian zone, and which have been found on 
the northern shore of Lake Superior, may be mentioned 1 : — 
Lycopodium annotinum pungens Spring. 
♦Alopecurus alpinus Linn. 
♦Poa alpina Linn. 
♦Scirpus caespitosus Linn. 
♦Tofleldia palustris Huds. 
* Allium schoenoprasum Linn. 
Betula glandulosa Michx. 
*Polygonum viviparum Linn. 
♦Alsine longipes (Goldie). 
♦ Anemone parviflora Michx. 
Ranunculus macouni Britton. 
♦Saxifraga aizoon Linn. 
Parnassia palustris Linn. 
Rosa acicularis Lindl. 
*Hedysarum americanum (Michx.). 
Empetrum nigrum Linn. 
*Chamaecystus procumbens (Linn. ) . 
♦Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. 
Vaccinium uliginosum Linn. 
Vaccinium vitisidaea Linn. 
♦Primula farinosa Linn. 
♦Primula mistassinica Michx. 
Gentiana linearis lanceolata A. Gray. 
Mertensia paniculata (Ait.). 
Rhinanthus cristagalli Linn. 
♦Pinguicula vulgaris Linn. 
Solidago virgaurea randi Porter. 
Aster longifolius villicaulis A. Gray. 
The birds found at Nepigon during September and at Peninsula 
Harbor during October give little if any clue to the breeding avi¬ 
fauna of the region. The presence of such species as Zonotrichia 
quenda , Z. leucophrys , and Melospiza lincolni at Nepigon early in 
September cannot be taken as indication that the birds breed there, 
though there is every possibility that the white-crowned sparrow 
and Lincoln’s finch may do so. Paras hudsonicus , Picoides ame- 
ricanus, and Sarnia alula caparoch were common at Peninsula 
Harbor during October, and about the middle of the month Acan- 
this linaria arrived in countless numbers. As the hawk owl was 
1 Species marked with an asterisk are given on the authority of Gray in Agassiz, ‘ Lake 
Superior,’ p. 153-170. 1850. The others I collected myself. 
