WOODMAN: GOLD-BEARING SLATES OF NOVA SCOTIA. 379 
the force which produced it. Slates show this cleavage to a high 
degree. In many places the rock is given the sheen peculiar to 
those stages of metamorphism of slates on the way to becoming 
mica-schists and chloritic schists. The presence of the oxidized 
zone has not affected the degree of fissility to any marked extent in 
the region as a whole. Cleavage has more varied effects upon 
whin, which is quite brittle. Deep below the surface of the earth, 
the rock to the eye presents little fissility; but in the oxidized zone 
it is cleaved strongly in most instances, falling to pieces with ease 
under the pick. No doubt this result is aided by the stretching of 
pyrite, the crystals of which lie at the major planes of division ; and 
the rusting of the sulphides and separation of the strata give a 
serrated appearance to the cross-section of the beds thus affected. 
Upon close examination, this serration is seen to be due, in some 
places at least, to strain-slip cleavage. Two places show this well. 
The first is at Moose River Mines, on the eastern face of a large 
quarry. The second is at West Waverly, about three hundred feet 
south of the old crusher west of the railroad track. Here a number 
of parallel thin lenses of slate, none of them more than a few inches 
in length, have been so sheared by the cleavage as to present the 
appearance of a series of ragged fringes overlapping one another, 
and giving the impression of involved igneous contacts. 
The fissility is not all vertical; nor are its planes parallel over 
considerable areas, but dip now to the north, now to the south, 
always at a high angle. The axial planes between the two sets of 
dips, while in the main parallel to those of the folds first formed in 
the sediments, are not coincident with the latter, but may lie any¬ 
where between the axes of the anticlines. The series is trav¬ 
ersed by many joints. For the most part the systems formed by 
them are only local, and often several systems are to be found in 
the same territory. 
Veins. — The chief interest in this series attaches to the gold- 
bearing stratified veins, often called “ leads.” These are from a 
fraction of an inch to six feet in thickness and in most cases of 
unknown length and depth. Many have been traced for a large 
fraction of a mile by intermittent outcrops, and this is probably only 
a small portion of their total length. Apparently they are not of 
unlimited extent, but die out and are replaced by others on adja¬ 
cent planes. This has been reported from many mines, but has not 
been observed by me. They lie strictly in the bedding of the 
